Synthesis and study of new siderophore analog-ciprofloxacin conjugates with antibiotic activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia spp.

Antibacterial resistance is a healthcare burden. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa belongs to the first list of antibiotic-resistant "priority pathogens" described by the World Health Organization. Formerly Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, responsible for melioidosis, is considered as a potential bioterrorist weapon by the Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention.

Risk Analysis by Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis and Biosafety Management During Collective Air Medical Evacuation of Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.

In March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused an overwhelming pandemic. To relieve overloaded intensive care units in the most affected regions, the French Ministry of Defence triggered collective air medical evacuations (medevacs) on board an Airbus A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport of the French Air Force. Such a collective air medevac is a big challenge regarding biosafety; until now, only evacuations of a single symptomatic patient with an emergent communicable disease, such as Ebola virus disease, have been conducted.

Lessons learned from the investigation of a COVID-19 cluster in Creil, France: effectiveness of targeting symptomatic cases and conducting contact tracing around them.

Background: This study presents the methods and results of the investigation into a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a professional community. Due to the limited testing capacity available in France at the time, we elaborated a testing strategy according to pre-test probability.

Methods: The investigation design combined active case finding and contact tracing around each confirmed case with testing of at-risk contact persons who had any evocative symptoms (n = 88).

Modeling the Inactivation of Viruses from the Family in Response to Temperature and Relative Humidity in Suspensions or on Surfaces.

Temperature and relative humidity are major factors determining virus inactivation in the environment. This article reviews inactivation data regarding coronaviruses on surfaces and in liquids from published studies and develops secondary models to predict coronaviruses inactivation as a function of temperature and relative humidity. A total of 102 values (i.

Case Report of an Injectional Anthrax in France, 2012.

(1) Background: is a spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium causing anthrax, a zoonosis affecting mainly livestock. When occasionally infecting humans, provokes three different clinical forms: cutaneous, digestive and inhalational anthrax. More recently, an injectional anthrax form has been described in intravenous drug users.

Nutrient depletion may trigger the Yersinia pestis OmpR-EnvZ regulatory system to promote flea-borne plague transmission.

The flea's lumen gut is a poorly documented environment where the agent of flea-borne plague, Yersinia pestis, must replicate to produce a transmissible infection. Here, we report that both the acidic pH and osmolarity of the lumen's contents display simple harmonic oscillations with different periods. Since an acidic pH and osmolarity are two of three known stimuli of the OmpR-EnvZ two-component system in bacteria, we investigated the role and function of this Y.

A Mutant, Lacking the Soluble Lytic Transglycosylase Slt, Exhibits Defects in Both Growth and Virulence.

is the causative agent of tularemia and has gained recent interest as it poses a significant biothreat risk. is commonly used as a laboratory surrogate for tularemia research due to genetic similarity and susceptibility of mice to infection. Currently, there is no FDA-approved tularemia vaccine, and identifying therapeutic targets remains a critical gap in strategies for combating this pathogen.

Questionable Efficacy of Therapeutic Antibodies in the Treatment of Anthrax.

Inhalational anthrax caused by , a spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium, is a highly lethal infection. Antibodies targeting the protective antigen (PA) binding component of the toxins have recently been authorized as an adjunct to antibiotics, although no conclusive evidence demonstrates that anthrax antitoxin therapy has any significant benefit. We discuss here the rational basis of anti-PA development regarding the pathogenesis of the disease.

Transcriptomic studies and assessment of Yersinia pestis reference genes in various conditions.

Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a very sensitive widespread technique considered as the gold standard to explore transcriptional variations. While a particular methodology has to be followed to provide accurate results many published studies are likely to misinterpret results due to lack of minimal quality requirements. Yersinia pestis is a highly pathogenic bacterium responsible for plague.

Melioidosis in the Western Indian Ocean and the Importance of Improving Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Molecular Typing.

Melioidosis, caused by the bacterium , is an infectious disease of humans or animals, and the specific environmental conditions that are present in western Indian Ocean islands are particularly suitable for the establishment/survival of . Indeed, an increasing number of new cases have been reported in this region (Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion (France), and Seychelles, except Comoros and Mayotte (France)), and are described in this review. Our review clearly points out that further studies are needed in order to investigate the real incidence and burden of melioidosis in the western Indian Ocean and especially Madagascar, since it is likely to be higher than currently reported.

[Usefulness of a rapid intrapartum real-time PCR assay in comparison with the group B Streptococcus culture screening at the end of pregnancy in pregnant women].

Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid real-time PCR assay at the onset of labor with those of the current antenatal culture-based test at 34-38 weeks gestation for group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study including all pregnant women admitted for delivery after a 34-week gestation period was conducted in October 2012 at the Grenoble University Hospital Centre. A first culture-based GBS screening test was performed between 34 and 38 weeks of gestation followed by a second screening test at the onset of labor, using a real-time PCR Assay and a culture-based method (gold standard) in order to calculate the diagnostic accuracy.

Interplay between three RND efflux pumps in doxycycline-selected strains of Burkholderia thailandensis.

Background: Efflux systems are involved in multidrug resistance in most Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria. We have chosen Burkholderia thailandensis to dissect the development of multidrug resistance phenotypes under antibiotic pressure.

Methodology/principal Findings: We used doxycycline selection to obtain several resistant B.

Growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria by sulfonylurea herbicides.

Emerging resistance to current antibiotics raises the need for new microbial drug targets. We show that targeting branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis using sulfonylurea herbicides, which inhibit the BCAA biosynthetic enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), can exert bacteriostatic effects on several pathogenic bacteria, including Burkholderia pseudomallei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Our results suggest that targeting biosynthetic enzymes like AHAS, which are lacking in humans, could represent a promising antimicrobial drug strategy.

Involvement of the efflux pumps in chloramphenicol selected strains of Burkholderia thailandensis: proteomic and mechanistic evidence.

Burkholderia is a bacterial genus comprising several pathogenic species, including two species highly pathogenic for humans, B. pseudomallei and B. mallei.

[Melioidosis: an emerging tropical disease].

Melioidosis is an infection affecting both human and animal health. The causative agent is Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative soil bacterium. Melioidosis is endemic in tropical areas of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, and sporadic in many other countries.

Two novel fibrinogen variants found in patients with pulmonary embolism and their families.

Background: The occurrence of dysfibrinogen is quite rare in comparison with other hemostatic defects, specially in cases of venous thrombosis.

Objectives: Fibrinogen is known to have multiple functions, which are not evaluated by simple coagulation testing. We have used gel electrophoresis to search for new mutations.

A database for human fibrinogen variants.

Identifying and studying abnormal human fibrinogens is a source of much information, and helps in taking care of the affected patients. To permit exhaustive numbering and easy updates, an extensive register has been compiled and made available on the internet. Known molecular abnormalities are mentioned with the essential clinical features.