Gut Microbiota: An Important Participant in Childhood Obesity.

Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has emerged as a critical global public health concern. Recent studies have challenged the previous belief that obesity was solely a result of excessive caloric intake. Alterations in early-life gut microbiota can contribute to childhood obesity through their influence on nutrient absorption and metabolism, initiation of inflammatory responses, and regulation of gut-brain communication.

Peripherally inserted central catheter related pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade in neonates: Analysis of two cases and literature review.

Rationale: Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade is a rare but fatal complication which cause a high mortality if not timely diagnosed and treated. However, the atypical manifestations and the rapid deterioration present challenges for neonatologists, and there has been limited investigation reported globally to date. Furthermore, a systematic review and comprehensive summary of clinical management are lacking.

[Efficiency of electrocardiogram monitor for positioning the catheter tip in the central catheter placement via lower extremity veins in neonates: a randomized controlled study].

Objectives: To study the efficiency of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor for positioning the catheter tip in the placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheterization (PICC) via lower extremity veins in neonates.

Methods: A total of 120 neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2020 to January 2022 and received PICC via lower extremity veins were enrolled and divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table (=60 each). The neonates in the control group were given body surface measurement and postoperative chest X-ray localization, and those in the observation group were given body surface measurement, ECG-guided positioning, and postoperative chest X-ray localization.

How to survive a periviable birth baby with birth weight of 450g: A case report.

Rationale: An increasing number of periviable birth newborns (PVBs) have emerged with concurrent growing high-risk pregnancy. To date, postnatal management of PVBs remains one of the most challenging issues and limited studies have been reported.

Patient Concerns: A female baby born at 230/7 weeks of gestation with birth weight of 450g.

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Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the common diseases causing delayed intelligence development and growth retardation in children. In 2021, the ENDO-European Reference Network updated the practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of congenital hypothyroidism. The guidelines give a comprehensive and detailed description of the screening, diagnosis, and management of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates.

[RCT of Reduction in Catheter-Related Complications by Using Intracavitary Electrocardiogram-Assisted Guidance in Neonatal PICC Placement].

Objective: To investigate the effect of intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) guidance on peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) related complications in neonatal patients.

Methods: A total of 210 neonatal patients were included in the study. They were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hosptial between January, 2017 and December, 2019 and had PICC lines were placed in their upper limbs.

COVID-19: Considerations for Children and Families During the Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a fatal virus caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a pandemic across the world. Despite early concerns, children appear to be less susceptible to acquiring SARS-CoV-2 and manifest minor clinical symptoms compared with adults. However, there still exists a risk of physical and psychological health problems in children and their families.

Accuracy and Safety Study of Intracavitary Electrocardiographic Guidance for Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Placement in Neonates.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the accuracy and safety of intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) guidance for the localization of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in neonatal patients. A total of 160 neonatal patients were randomly assigned to receive either anthropometric measurement combined with IC-ECG guidance (n = 80) or conventional anatomical landmark guidance (n = 80) for PICC catheter tip positioning. The catheter tip position was confirmed by postinsertion radiograph and data were interpreted by independent radiologists.

[Investigation of Lentiviral Vectors Based Integrin β8 RNAi System in Neonatal Rats' Brain].

Objective: To construct lentiviral vectors expressing pSicoR- shRNA and evaluate its efficiency of RNA interference in neonatal rats' brain.

Methods: Plasmid vectors pSicoR- shRNA and pSicoR-control,as well as lentiviral packaging system and were amplified respectively and plasmid DNA was identified by restriction enzyme digestion. Lentiviral packaging system and expressing vector pSicoR- shRNA/pSicoR-control were co-transfected into packaging cell line 293T.

[Efficiency of electrocardiogram monitor for positioning the catheter tip in peripherally inserted central catheter placement in neonates].

Objective: To study the efficiency of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor for positioning the catheter tip in the placement of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in neonates.

Methods: A total of 160 neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 2015 to December 2017 and underwent the PICC placement via the veins of upper extremity were enrolled. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 80 neonates in each group.

[Clinical features of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates of different gestational ages].

Objective: To study clinical features of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates of different gestational ages (GA).

Methods: According to GA, 133 neonates with RDS were classified into GA <34 weeks group (n=66), GA 34-36 weeks group (late preterm neonates; n=31), and GA ≥37 weeks group (full-term neonates; n=36). The mothers' medical history during pregnancy and the condition of the neonates at birth were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical data were compared between groups.

An in vivo study of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling in ginsenoside Rg1-mediated brain repair after hypoxia/ischemia brain injury.

Background: Hypoxia/ischemia (HI) brain injury is a common central nervous system insult in newborns. Studies have demonstrated bioactivity of ginsenoside Rg1 in increasing neural viability and promoting angiogenesis. However, there are few reports on roles of Rg1 in brain repair of neonatal HI, and the mechanisms involved are unclear.

[ROLE OF EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1/2 PATHWAY IN GINSENOSIDE Rg1 MEDIATED ANTI-APOPTOTIC EFFECT ON NEURON AFTER HYPOXIA ISCHEMIA BRAIN DAMAGE IN NEONATAL RATS].

Objective: To investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of ginsenoside Rg1 in neonatal rats with hypoxia ischemia brain damage (HIBD), and to explore the possible signaling pathway involved in anti-apoptosis.

Methods: Forty-eight 10-day-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (weighing 17-21 g, male or female) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (12 rats in each group): sham-operation group (sham group), HIBD group (HI group), HIBD+ginsenoside Rg1 group (HI+Rg1 group), and HIBD+ginsenoside Rg1+U0126 group (HI+Rg1+U0126 group). SD rats in HI group, HI+Rg1 group, and HI+Rg1+U0126 group underwent ligation of the right common carotid artery (CCA) and hypoxic ventilation (8%O+92%N) for 2.

Biological characteristics of prostate cancer cells are regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α.

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α has been reported to be associated with malignancy in a number of types of cancer. However, the role of HIF-1 α in the regulation of prostate cancer (PCa) growth has yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HIF-1α on the biological characteristics of the PCa PC3 cell line.

Role of mammalian target of rapamycin in hypoxic or ischemic brain injury: potential neuroprotection and limitations.

Hypoxic or ischemic stress causes serious brain injury via various pathologic mechanisms including suppressed protein synthesis, neuronal apoptosis, and the release of neurotoxic substances. Many neuroprotective treatments of hypoxic or ischemic brain injury rely on these pathologic mechanisms. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an atypical Ser/Thr protein kinase, could be a novel therapeutic target.

[Progress and extensive meaning of mammalian target of rapamycin involved in restoration of nervous system injury].

Objective: To review the possible mechanisms of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the neuronal restoration process after nervous system injury.

Methods: The related literature on mTOR in the restoration of nervous system injury was extensively reviewed and comprehensively analyzed.

Results: mTOR can integrate signals from extracellular stress and then plays a critical role in the regulation of various cell biological processes, thus contributes to the restoration of nervous system injury.

Integrin β8 signaling in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Integrin β8 is a key regulator of vascular homeostasis in brain development and in vitro studies show that β8 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal apoptosis. However, the role β8 plays in vivo in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is not known. Here, we report the function of β8 and signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection after neonatal brain HI.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase upregulation attenuates astrocyte proliferation and promotes neuronal survival in the hypoxic-ischemic rat brain.

Background And Purpose: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is tightly related to the resistance of cells to stress and injury. However, little is known about the roles of TERT in the nervous system. We try to investigate the effects of TERT on the function of astrocytes in developing rat brains subjected to hypoxia-ischemia.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase: a novel neuroprotective mechanism involved in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is one of the most severe diseases in the neonatal central nervous system (CNS). The pathological mechanisms of HI brain injury, including cellular apoptosis, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, etc., are complicated and not well known.

[Effects of dimethyloxalyl glycine on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of dimethyloxalyl glycine on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats.

Methods: Forty eight postnatal day 10 SD rats were divided into 3 groups, including sham surgery group, hypoxic-ischemic group and DMOG treated group. The brain tissues were collected at 4, 8, 24 and 72 hours after the hypoxic-ischemic treatment.

[Risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus in neonates].

Objective: To identify the risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in neonates.

Methods: Fifty infants with PDA and 100 infants without PDA were enrolled. Chi-square test, Student's t test and the linear correlation analysis were used to study the clinical data.

[Protective effect of conditioned medium from astrocytes transfected with telomerase reverse transcriptase on hypoxia-ischemia neurons].

Objective: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the key factor to determine cell growth and lifespan. Meanwhile, it is tightly related to resistance of cell to stress and apoptosis. However, up till now little is known about the role TERT plays in nervous system.

Targeting hypoxia inducible factor-1α: a novel mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 for brain repair after hypoxia/ischemia brain damage.

Hypoxia/ischemia brain damage (HIBD) is one of the most common central nervous system insults in newborns. Brain repair following HIBD is closely associated with cellular processes such as cell survival, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. In recent years, many studies have suggested that ginsenoside Rg1, one of the major active ingredients of ginseng, may increase neural viability, promote angiogenesis, and induce neurogenesis.

[Risk factors on the occurrence and prognosis of neonatal hyaline membrane disease].

Objective: To identify risk factors with related to the occurrence and prognosis of neonatal hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and to develop effective measures to prevent and treat the disease.

Methods: A case control (1 : 4 paired) study was undertaken, with 62 neonates with HMD as a case group paired with 248 sick neonates without HMD and respiratory disorders as a control group. The controls were matched with the cases by admission time (+/- 7 d), birth weight (+/- 200 g) and gestational age (+/- 3 d).

[Telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and cell apoptosis during hypoxia ischemia brain damage in neonatal rats].

Objective: To investigate the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and cell apoptosis in neonatal rats with hypoxia ischemia brain damage (HIBD).

Methods: A total of 42 7-day-old SD rats (12-18 g, male or female) were randomly allocated into sham-operation group (n = 6) and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) group (n = 36). In HI group, the rats were anesthetized with ethyl ether.