Tau pathology is associated with postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in early Alzheimer's disease in a sex-specific manner.

Introduction: To investigate the associations of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) with tau deposition and cognitive ability in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Twenty-six cognitively impaired (CI) and 14 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals underwent mGluR5 positron emission tomography (PET) ([F]PSS232), amyloid PET ([F]florbetapir), and tau PET ([F]MK6240), and neuropsychological assessment. The relationships among mGluR5 availability, tau deposition, and neuropsychological assessment were analyzed using Spearman's correlation and mediation analyses.

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein and Phosphorated Tau 181 Association with Presynaptic Density-Dependent Tau Pathology at F-SynVesT-1 Brain PET Imaging.

Background Synaptic loss is an important factor in Alzheimer disease (AD); however, blood assays that conveniently and rapidly reflect changes in synaptic density are lacking. Purpose To correlate multiple potential synaptic blood markers with synaptic density measured using F-SynVesT-1, a fluorine 18 (F)-labeled radiotracer, brain PET and to explore the independent associations between these markers and synaptic density. Materials and Methods This prospective study included 50 cognitively unimpaired (mean age, 65.

Linking white matter hyperintensities to regional cortical thinning, amyloid deposition, and synaptic density loss in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We investigated the association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and regional cortical thickness, amyloid and tau deposition, and synaptic density in the WMH-connected cortex using multimodal images.

Methods: We included 107 participants (59 with Alzheimer's disease [AD]; 27 with mild cognitive impairment; 21 cognitively normal controls) with amyloid beta (Aβ) positivity on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). The cortex connected to WMH was identified using probabilistic tractography.

Tau pathology is associated with synaptic density and longitudinal synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease.

The associations of synaptic loss with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology measured by positron emission tomography (PET) and plasma analysis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are unknown. Seventy-five participants, including 26 AD patients, 19 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 30 normal controls (NCs), underwent [F]SynVesT-1 PET/MR scans to assess synaptic density and [F]florbetapir and [F]MK6240 PET/CT scans to evaluate Aβ plaques and tau tangles. Among them, 19 AD patients, 12 MCI patients, and 29 NCs had plasma Aβ42/40 and p-tau181 levels measured by the Simoa platform.

APOE ε4 is associated with decreased synaptic density in cognitively impaired participants.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the effect of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE) ε4 on synaptic density in cognitively impaired (CI) participants.

Methods: One hundred ten CI participants underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) with F-florbetapir and synaptic density PET with F-SynVesT-1. We evaluated the influence of APOE ε4 allele on synaptic density and investigated the effects of ε4 genotype on the associations of synaptic density with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.

Brain structural indicators of β-amyloid neuropathology.

Recent efforts demonstrated the efficacy of identifying early-stage neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid assessment and positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer imaging. These methods are effective yet are invasive, expensive, and not widely accessible. We extend and improve the multiscale structural mapping (MSSM) procedure to develop structural indicators of β-amyloid neuropathology in preclinical AD, by capturing both macrostructural and microstructural properties throughout the cerebral cortex using a structural MRI.

Tai Chi improves non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: One-year randomized controlled study with the investigation of mechanisms.

Background: Tai Chi was found to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether long-term Tai Chi training could improve non-motor symptoms (NMS) and the related mechanisms were unknown.

Objective: To investigate Tai Chi's impact on non-motor symptoms in PD and related mechanisms.

Relationship Between , , , , and Genetic Polymorphisms and Alzheimer's Disease Risk in the Southern Chinese Population.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-gene inherited disease, and apolipoprotein E () ɛ4 is a strong risk factor. Other genetic factors are important but limited.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and AD in the Southern Chinese populations.

Cortical gray to white matter signal intensity ratio as a sign of neurodegeneration and cognition independent of β-amyloid in dementia.

Cortical gray to white matter signal intensity ratio (GWR) measured from T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images was associated with neurodegeneration and dementia. We characterized topological patterns of GWR during AD pathogenesis and investigated its association with cognitive decline. The study included a cross-sectional dataset and a longitudinal dataset.

Early changes of fecal short-chain fatty acid levels in patients with mild cognitive impairments.

Aims: To compare the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal controls (NCs) and to examine whether fecal SCFAs could be used as the biomarker for the identification of patients with MCI. To examine the relationship between fecal SCFAs and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain.

Methods: A cohort of 32 MCI patients, 23 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and 27 NC were recruited in our study.

In vivo synaptic density loss correlates with impaired functional and related structural connectivity in Alzheimer's disease.

Synapse loss has been considered as a major pathological change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It remains unclear about whether and how synapse loss relates to functional and structural connectivity dysfunction in AD. We measured synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) binding using F-SynVesT-1 PET to evaluate synaptic alterations in 33 participants with AD, 31 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 controls.

The Switching Rates of Dynamic Functional Networks Differently Contribute to Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: The relationship between switching rate of multilayer functional network and cognitive ability in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimers' disease remains unclear.

Methods: We followed up MCI patients for one year and analyzed the association of switching rates with cognitive decline. The iterative and ordinal Louvain algorithm tracked the switching of functional networks, while elastic network regression and Bayesian belief networks were used to test the relationship between network switching rate and cognitive performance cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Aberrant miR-339-5p/neuronatin signaling causes prodromal neuronal calcium dyshomeostasis in mutant presenilin mice.

Mushroom spine loss and calcium dyshomeostasis are early hallmark events of age-related neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), that are connected with neuronal hyperactivity in early pathology of cognitive brain areas. However, it remains elusive how these key events are triggered at the molecular level for the neuronal abnormality that occurs at the initial stage of disease. Here, we identify downregulated miR-339-5p and its upregulated target protein, neuronatin (Nnat), in cortex neurons from the presenilin-1 M146V knockin (PSEN1-M146V KI) mouse model of familial AD (FAD).

Altered intrinsic brain activity in patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy.

CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is an adult-onset white matter disease with high disability and mortality, while little is known about its pathogenesis. This study introduced amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI) to compare the spontaneous brain activities of patients and healthy controls, aiming to enhance our understanding of the disease. RsfMRI was performed on 16 patients and 23 healthy controls, and preprocessed for calculation of ALFF and ReHo.

Tai Chi enhances cognitive training effects on delaying cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Cognitive training and physical exercise have shown positive effects on delaying progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia.

Methods: We explored the enhancing effect from Tai Chi when it was provided with cognitive training for MCI. In the first 12 months, the cognitive training group (CT) had cognitive training, and the mixed group (MixT) had additional Tai Chi training.

Disrupted coupling between salience network segregation and glucose metabolism is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease - A simultaneous resting-state FDG-PET/fMRI study.

The aberrant organization and functioning of three core neurocognitive networks (NCNs), i.e., default-mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN), are among the prominent features in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Mechanisms of motor symptom improvement by long-term Tai Chi training in Parkinson's disease patients.

Background: Tai Chi has been shown to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its long-term effects and the related mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term Tai Chi training on motor symptoms in PD and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Ninety-five early-stage PD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into Tai Chi (n = 32), brisk walking (n = 31) and no-exercise (n = 32) groups.

Multiscale structural mapping of Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration.

The recently described biological framework of Alzheimer's disease (AD) emphasizes three types of pathology to characterize this disorder, referred to as the 'amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration' (A-T-N) status. The 'neurodegenerative' component is typically defined by atrophy measures derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) such as hippocampal volume. Neurodegeneration measures from imaging are associated with disease symptoms and prognosis.