Actomyosin-driven motility and coalescence of phase-separated viral inclusion bodies are required for efficient replication of a plant rhabdovirus.

Phase separation has emerged as a fundamental principle for organizing viral and cellular membraneless organelles. Although these subcellular compartments have been recognized for decades, their biogenesis and mechanisms of regulation are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the formation of membraneless inclusion bodies (IBs) induced during the infection of a plant rhabdovirus, tomato yellow mottle-associated virus (TYMaV).

Fuels for ROS signaling in plant immunity.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling has an important role in plant innate immune responses and is primarily mediated by NADPH oxidase, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) in plants. NADPH serves as a fuel for RBOHs and limits the rate or amount of ROS production. Molecular regulation of RBOHs has been extensively studied; however, the source of NADPH for RBOHs has received little attention.

Overexpression of an Antioxidant Enzyme APX1 in Mutant Restores its Pleiotropic Growth Phenotype.

Breeding crops with enhanced immunity is an effective strategy to reduce yield loss caused by pathogens. The () mutant shows enhanced pathogen resistance but retarded growth; thus, it restricts the application of in breeding crops with disease resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in plant growth and defense.

The receptor-like cytosolic kinase RIPK activates NADP-malic enzyme 2 to generate NADPH for fueling ROS production.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a conserved immune response in Arabidopsis primarily mediated by respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase associated with the plasma membrane. A rapid increase in NADPH is necessary to fuel RBOHD proteins and thus maintain ROS production. However, the molecular mechanism by which NADPH is generated to fuel RBOHD remains unclear.

RIPK1 inhibitor ameliorates the MPP/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease through the ASK1/JNK signalling pathway.

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is up-regulated in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms that involved in the neurotoxic function of RIPK1 in Parkinson's disease (PD). MPP/MPTP-induced PD cellular and mice models were used in this study.

Validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007.

Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007 isolated from poplar stems plays a highly significant role in the growth promotion and the biocontrol of poplar canker during colonization in poplar. In this research, the ideal reference gene was filtered and determined for the transcript normalization. Additionally, the expression of pyrG under all four conditions was relatively stable in B.