Exosomes-delivered PD-L1 siRNA and CTLA-4 siRNA protect against growth and tumor immune escape in colorectal cancer.

Objective: This study aims to dissect impacts of exosomes-delivered PD-L1 and CTLA-4 siRNAs on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and immune responses.

Methods: Exosomes containing PD-L1 siRNA and CTLA-4 siRNA were prepared and utilized to treat CRC cells to evaluate their effects. A tumor-bearing mouse model was established for verification.

The mechanisms underlying the enrichment and action of glypican-1-positive exosomes in colorectal cancer cells.

Background: Glypican-1 (GPC1) is overexpressed in several tumors, and GPC1 exosomes have shown the potential to predict early colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms underlying the enrichment and action of GPC1 exosomes in CRC remain unknown.

Methods: The expression of slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/2α, and GPC1 in clinical CRC tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot.

Complete Tri-Axis Magnetometer Calibration with a Gyro Auxiliary.

Magnetometers combined with inertial sensors are widely used for orientation estimation, and calibrations are necessary to achieve high accuracy. This paper presents a complete tri-axis magnetometer calibration algorithm with a gyro auxiliary. The magnetic distortions and sensor errors, including the misalignment error between the magnetometer and assembled platform, are compensated after calibration.