Risk and protective factors of miscarriage: Evidence from a nationally representative sample of women in India.

Context: Miscarriage is the most distressing complication in early pregnancy, with one in every five pregnant women ending in a miscarriage, and its causes are multifactorial.

Aim: This study aimed to find the risk and protective factors of miscarriage among women aged 15-49 years in India by using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) data.

Methods And Material: The data were taken from NFHS-5; 53,560 women aged 15-49 years who had reported either a miscarriage (n = 5104) or livebirth (n = 48,456) during the last 12 months preceding the survey were included in the study.

Efficacy of Psychosocial Care Training Programme for the Staff Working in Old Age Homes.

Background: Training the old-age home staff is essential in raising geriatric mental health care standards in India. Inadequate knowledge on ageing and psychosocial interventions is a significant issue in old-age homes. Old-age home staff must know how to provide individualized psychosocial care and support for older adults.

Variational mode decomposition-based EEG analysis for the classification of disorders of consciousness.

Aberrant alterations in any of the two dimensions of consciousness, namely awareness and arousal, can lead to the emergence of disorders of consciousness (DOC). The development of DOC may arise from more severe or targeted lesions in the brain, resulting in widespread functional abnormalities. However, when it comes to classifying patients with disorders of consciousness, particularly utilizing resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) signals through machine learning methods, several challenges surface.

Stress and coping among police personnel in South India.

Background: Police personnel experience the highest levels of stress due to the nature and demands of work. Though many researchers have studied these variables quantitatively, there is a lack of qualitative study, particularly in India.

Methods: A qualitative study has been carried out to explore the stress and coping strategies of police personnel.

Developmental competencies, temperament, parenting practices and psychosocial adversities in children with internalising disorders - A pilot study.

Research on the aetiology of internalising disorders has focussed on biological and environmental factors, however, the role of developmental competencies that a child acquires has not been explored much. The current report aimed to understand the association among the developmental competencies, temperament, parenting practices and psychosocial adversities in internalising disorders. The sample consisted of 30 children and adolescents with internalising disorders belonging to the age group of six to 18, and one of their parents.

Ganglioside complex antibodies in an Indian cohort of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Background: Antibodies against ganglioside complexes (GSCs) are associated with various clinical features and subtypes of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: One-hundred patients were evaluated for antibodies to GSCs formed by combination of GM1, GM2, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b using manual enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Twenty-six patients were GSC antibody-positive, most frequent being against GM1-containing GSC (76.

Maternal Immune Activation Causes Schizophrenia-like Behaviors in the Offspring through Activation of Immune-Inflammatory, Oxidative and Apoptotic Pathways, and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses and Neuroprotection.

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, influenced by a combined action of genes and environmental factors. The neurodevelopmental origin is one of the most widely recognized etiological models of this heterogeneous disorder. Environmental factors, especially infections during gestation, appear to be a major risk determinant of neurodevelopmental basis of schizophrenia.

Serial blood volume estimation in rabbits using trivalent chromium - An exploratory study.

Though often used in cardiac intensive monitoring set up, simultaneous evaluation of several variables like CVP, PCWP, SVV and hTEE for fluid volume resuscitation (especially when capillary permeability is major problem than cardiac performance) is a major challenge in many ICU setups. Therefore, repetitive determination of blood volume by trivalent chromium [Cr (III)] as a direct single variable method may be a near ideal method during fluid volume resuscitation in cases where capillary permeability is a major problem (e.g.

Phenotypic Variability of Essential Tremor Based on the Age at Onset.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is reported to have a bimodal distribution of age at onset (AAO) with phenotypic variability based on the AAO. This study aims to explore the distribution of AAO based on mathematical modeling and ascertain the differences, if any, in the clinical features of groups.

Methods: A chart review was conducted for 252 patients with ET diagnosed based on the Consensus statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor.

Determinants of antenatal care utilization in India: a spatial evaluation of evidence for public health reforms.

Objective: The objective is to examine the spatial variations and to identify the determinants of antenatal care (ANC) utilization while controlling for the spatial dependence in the data.

Study Design: This is an ecological study on ANC utilization data from District Level Household Survey-4 (2012-2013) in India.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed on the derived data.

Outcomes of Structured Psychotherapy for Emotional Adjustment in a Childless Couple diagnosed with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Unique Investigation.

Losing a much-awaited pregnancy and an unborn child, time and again is known to be a painful experience in recurrent miscarriage or pregnancy loss (RPL). Literature on psychological consequences of RPL is abundant. Nonetheless, application of psychological intervention in RPL remains to be an overlooked area.

Illness Cognitions, Anxiety, and Depression in Men and Women Undergoing Fertility Treatments: A Dyadic Approach.

Background: Emotional response to infertility is mediated by numerous interrelated psychological variables such as personality, health perceptions, cognitive appraisals, coping, and social support. While men and women respond to infertility differently, illness cognitions are a vital component of their emotional adjustment. The aim of this study is to compare the infertile men and women undergoing fertility treatments on perceived distress, helplessness, acceptance, benefits, anxiety, and depression.

Sociocultural Determinants of Infertility Stress in Patients Undergoing Fertility Treatments.

Introduction: Involuntary childlessness is a distressing condition that has considerable social implications in developing nations.

Aim: The present study aims to investigate the less known sociocultural determinants of infertility stress in patients undergoing assisted conception and reproductive treatments.

Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted on 300 men and women with primary infertility.

Factors Associated With Social Isolation Among the Older People in India.

Objective: To explore the factors associated with social isolation among older people using the data from Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI) survey.

Methods: Multiple logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were used to identify the factors associated with social isolation using data from BKPAI survey. An individual was regarded as socially isolated if the response was "never" to all 4 activities in the last 12 months: (1) attending public meeting, (2) attending any group/club/organizational meeting, (3) attending any religious program, and (4) visiting friends or relatives.

Targeting S1PR1/STAT3 loop abrogates desmoplasia and chemosensitizes pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine.

Pancreatic cancer is associated with poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 6%. Approximately 90% of pancreatic cancer patients harbor somatic mutations in the KRAS gene. Multiple lines of evidence suggest a persistent activation of STAT3 in KRAS-driven oncogenesis contributing to desmoplasia and gemcitabine resistance.

Spatio-temporal assessment of infant mortality rate in India.

Background: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is globally identified by the policymakers as the marker of health of a population.

Objectives: This study aimed to detect the change in hotspots of IMR in Indian states from the year 2000 to 2012, identify hotspots of IMR at district level in selected states from each of the six regions of India and determine the potential predictors of IMR after accounting for spatial autocorrelation.

Methods: Ecological study design was used to analyze state and district level data on IMR of India.

Cardamonin inhibits colonic neoplasia through modulation of MicroRNA expression.

Colorectal cancer is currently the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. There is considerable interest in using dietary intervention strategies to prevent chronic diseases including cancer. Cardamonin is a spice derived nutraceutical and herein, for the first time we evaluated the therapeutic benefits of cardamonin in Azoxymethane (AOM) induced mouse model of colorectal cancer.

Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with Single Agent Arsenic Trioxide: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in India.

APML is a highly curable hematological malignancy which is treated with differentiation agents and chemotherapy. The morbidity caused by chemotherapy in the treatment of APML is a great cause of concern. We treated 12 patients with newly diagnosed APML with single agent arsenic trioxide between 2010 and 2014 irrespective of risk stratification.

A Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a Nurse Navigator Programme on outcomes of people with breast cancer: study protocol.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a Nurse Navigator Programme on anxiety, psychological distress and quality of life in people with breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently detected malignancy and a major cause of cancer death among women around the world. The lengthy course of illness from initial diagnosis to treatment and subsequent follow-up causes deterioration in physical, psychological and social status among patients.

Postpartum related morbidities among women visiting government health facilities in Udupi Taluk, Karnataka, India.

Background: Maternal morbidities are considered a leading contributor to the burden of disease among women. Especially, if postpartum morbidities are left untreated, this can cause a negative impact on the quality of life. The study was conducted to determine the proportion and types of postpartum morbidities among women visiting government health facilities in Udupi Taluk, Karnataka and to find out the association between the morbidities and various factors.

Prevalence of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption among Fishermen in Udupi Taluk' Karnataka, India: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Stress associated with fishing is known to trigger consumption of alcohol and tobacco among fishermen. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption among fishermen in Udupi Taluk in the state of Karnataka, India, and to study associations with health status and job stress.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted among 825 fishermen in Udupi Taluk of Karnataka between January-June 2015, using a two stage cluster sampling procedure.

Prevalence and predictors of infertility-specific stress in women diagnosed with primary infertility: A clinic-based study.

Background: According to the existing literature on infertility, stress appears to be inevitably associated with infertility diagnosis and treatment in sub-fertile individuals. The epidemiological data on the prevalence and predictors of infertility-specific stress in cultural specific scenario are scarce. The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of infertility-specific stress and identify predictors of infertility-specific stress in women diagnosed with primary infertility.

Impact of pixel intensity correlations on statistical inferences of expression levels in cDNA microarray experiments.

In a cDNA microarray experiment, the final measurement is intensity ratio at a spot in the microarray chip. The objective of the present study is to estimate the uncertainty associated with the final intensity ratio at each spot in cDNA microarray chips and also to explore the role of pixel intensity correlations in statistical inferences of gene expression levels. We estimate uncertainty at each spot using the theory of error propagation under two different situations: (1) when there is no correlation between pixel intensities and (2) when the pixel intensities are positively correlated.

Diabetes in Asian Indians-How much is preventable? Ten-year follow-up of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-142).

We sought to evaluate the contribution of various modifiable risk factors to the partial population attributable risk (PARp) for diabetes in an Asian Indian population. Of a cohort of 3589 individuals, representative of Chennai, India, followed up after a period of ten years, we analyzed data from 1376 individuals who were free of diabetes at baseline. A diet risk score was computed incorporating intake of refined cereals, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and monounsaturated fatty acid.