Role of autophagy in resistance to ivermectin in Haemonchus contortus.

Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic gastrointestinal nematode that parasitizes the abomasum of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. Long-term use of large quantities of ivermectin (IVM) to control H. contortus has resulted in the development of drug resistance.

Milk-derived exosomes in the regulation of nutritional and immune functions.

Milk-derived exosomes (MDEs), being a component of milk, have the potential to support immune system maturation in offspring and enhance immune cell proliferation. Through the transport and transmission of essential signaling molecules, MDEs contribute to the regulation of intergenerational and intraspecies communication, thereby impacting nutrient uptake and metabolic functions. A comprehensive comprehension of MDE functionalities is imperative for enhancing the quality of the dairy industry.

In vitro and in vivo activity evaluation and mode of action of broxaldine on Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a highly successful global parasite, infecting about one-third of the world's population and significantly affecting human life and the economy. However, current drugs for toxoplasmosis treatment have considerable side effects, and there is no specific drug to meet current needs.

iTRAQ-Based Phosphoproteomic Analysis Exposes Molecular Changes in the Small Intestinal Epithelia of Cats after Infection.

, an obligate intracellular parasite, has the ability to invade and proliferate within most nucleated cells. The invasion and destruction of host cells by lead to significant changes in the cellular signal transduction network. One important post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, which plays a crucial role in cell signal transmission.

Dynamic RNA profiles in the small intestinal epithelia of cats after Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Background: Felids are the only definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. However, the biological features of the feline small intestine following T. gondii infection are poorly understood.

Transcriptomics and Proteomics of in Response to Ivermectin Treatment.

A major problem faced by the agricultural industry is the resistance of to anthelmintic drugs. For a better understanding of the response of to IVM and for the screening of drug-resistance-related genes, we used RNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology to detect the transcriptomic and proteomic changes in after ivermectin treatment. An integrated analysis of the two omics showed that the differentially expressed genes and proteins were significantly enriched in the pathways of amino acid degradation, the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

An Epidemiological Investigation and Drug-Resistant Strain Isolation of in Sheep in Inner Mongolia, China.

causes major economic losses in the development of the livestock industry, as they are common gastrointestinal parasites of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. The present study investigated infections in sheep in the Hulunbuir and Xilingol Grasslands, two well-known natural pastures in Inner Mongolia, China. The results indicated that the average infection rate was more than 50%.

A combined miRNA-piRNA signature in the serum and urine of rabbits infected with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

Background: Increasing evidence has shown that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules play fundamental roles in cells, and many are stable in body fluids as circulating RNAs. Study on these ncRNAs will provide insights into toxoplasmosis pathophysiology and/or help reveal diagnostic biomarkers.

Methods: We performed a high-throughput RNA-Seq study to comprehensively profile the microRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in rabbit serum and urine after infection with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts during the whole infection process.

[Thermal proteome profiling: a technique for a comprehensive assessment of protein status].

Thermal proteome profiling (TPP) is a combination of cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and quantitative mass spectrometry (MS), also termed as MS-CETSA. TPP determines the stability of the entire proteome by measuring the content of soluble proteins in cells or cell lysates at different heating temperatures. Proteins can change their thermostability when interacting with small molecules (e.

Glycosylation Analysis of Feline Small Intestine Following Infection.

() is responsible for severe human and livestock diseases, huge economic losses, and adversely affects the health of the public and the development of animal husbandry. Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification of proteins in eukaryotes, and -glycosylation is closely related to the biological functions of proteins. However, glycosylation alterations in the feline small intestine following infection have not been reported.

Metabolomics study of cat small intestine during the early stage of Toxoplasma gondii oocyst formation identifies potential biomarkers.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic intracellular protozoan parasite that can invade, replicate and survive in almost all cells of warm-blooded animals. T.

Parabronema skrjabini (Nematoda: Habronematidae) infection and development in the intermediate host-Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758) in Inner Mongolia, China.

Parabronemosis is a disease that severely threatens camel health, causing huge economic losses to industries involved in camel husbandry. Previous studies have reported that horn flies (Haematobia irritans) act as intermediate hosts of Parabronema skrjabini; however, the infection and developmental processes of P. skrjabini in horn flies remain unclear.

Acetylome analysis of the feline small intestine following Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting a large number of warm-blooded animals and causes serious health complications in immunocompromised patients. T. gondii infection of the feline small intestine is critical for the completion of the life cycle and transmission of T.

iTRAQ-based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Identifies Host Pathways Modulated during Infection in Swine.

is a leading cause of foodborne illness and consumption of undercooked pig meat is a major risk factor for acquiring toxoplasmosis, which causes a substantial burden on society. Here, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labelling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify cellular proteins and pathways altered during infection in pigs. We also used parallel reaction monitoring-based LC-MS/MS to verify the levels of protein expression of infected spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs).

Transcriptional changes in Toxoplasma gondii in response to treatment with monensin.

Background: Infection with the apicomplexan protozoan parasite T. gondii can cause severe and potentially fatal cerebral and ocular disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The anticoccidial ionophore drug monensin has been shown to have anti-Toxoplasma gondii properties.

Global Transcriptome Profiling of Multiple Porcine Organs Reveals -Induced Transcriptional Landscapes.

We characterized the porcine tissue transcriptional landscapes that follow infection. RNAs were isolated from liver, spleen, cerebral cortex, lung, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of -infected and uninfected (control) pigs at days 6 and 18 postinfection, and were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq). altered the expression of 178, 476, 199, 201, and 362 transcripts at 6 dpi and 217, 223, 347, 119, and 161 at 18 dpi in the infected brain, liver, lung, MLNs and spleen, respectively.

Toxoplasma gondii ROP17 inhibits the innate immune response of HEK293T cells to promote its survival.

Toxoplasma gondii secretes a group of rhoptry-secreted kinases (ROPs), which play significant roles in promoting intracellular infection. T. gondii rhoptry organelle protein 17 (ROP17) is one of these important effector proteins.

First detection and molecular identification of Borrelia species in Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) from Northwest China.

Comprehensive epidemiological surveys for Lyme disease have not been conducted for the Bactrian camel in China. In this study, a total of 138 blood specimens collected from Bactrian camels from Zhangye City in Gansu Province and Yili and Aksu in Xinjiang Province, China, were examined for the presence of Borrelia spp. Species-specificity nested PCR based on the 5S-23S rRNA, OspA, flaB and 16S rRNA genes revealed that the total positive rate of Borrelia spp.

Identification and molecular survey of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in sika deer (Cervus nippon) from Jilin Province, north-eastern China.

Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) is a common disease of domestic animals and wildlife worldwide.

Expression of sheep pathogen Babesia sp. Xinjiang rhoptry-associated protein 1 and evaluation of its diagnostic potential by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Ovine babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases of small ruminants. The ovine parasite Babesia sp. Xinjiang is widespread in China.

Expression analysis and biological characterization of Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan) (Babesia motasi-like) rhoptry-associated protein 1 and its potential use in serodiagnosis via ELISA.

Background: In China, ovine babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases of small ruminants. It has a significant economic impact, and several Babesia motasi-like isolates have been recently shown to be responsible for ovine babesiosis in this country.

Methods: Full-length and C-terminal-truncated forms of the rap-1a61-1 gene of Babesia sp.

Genetic diversity and molecular characterization of Babesia motasi-like in small ruminants and ixodid ticks from China.

Ovine babesioses, an important tick-borne disease of sheep and goats in China, is caused by the reproduction of intraerythrocytic protozoa of the Babesia genus. Babesia motasi-like is a Babesia parasite that infects small ruminant in China, and two sub-groups of B. motasi-like can be subdivided based on differences in the rhoptry-associated-protein-1 gene.