HCS02-001 Attenuates Hyperuricemia through Gut Microbiota-Dependent Regulation of Uric Acid Biosynthesis and Excretion.

Hyperuricemia is a prevalent metabolic disorder that arises from abnormal purine metabolism and reduced excretion of uric acid (UA). The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the biosynthesis and excretion of UA. Probiotics capable of purine degradation possess the potential to prevent hyperuricemia.

Sialic acid-based probiotic intervention in lactating mothers improves the neonatal gut microbiota and immune responses by regulating sialylated milk oligosaccharide synthesis via the gut-breast axis.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are vital milk carbohydrates that help promote the microbiota-dependent growth and immunity of infants. Sialic acid (SA) is a crucial component of sialylated milk oligosaccharides (S-MOs); however, the effects of SA supplementation in lactating mothers on S-MO biosynthesis and their breastfed infants are unknown. Probiotic intervention during pregnancy or lactation demonstrates promise for modulating the milk glycobiome.

Alterations of milk oligosaccharides in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus impede colonization of beneficial bacteria and development of RORγt Treg cell-mediated immune tolerance in neonates.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasing public health concern that significantly increases the risk of early childhood allergic diseases. Altered maternal milk glycobiome may strongly affect gut microbiota and enteric-specific Treg cell-mediated development of immune tolerance in GDM infants. In this study, we found that, compared with healthy Chinese mothers, mothers with GDM had significantly lower levels of total and specific human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in their colostrum that subsequently increased with extension of lactation.

Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and innate lymphoid cells in intestinal mucosal immunity.

The human gastrointestinal mucosa is colonized by thousands of microorganisms, which participate in a variety of physiological functions. Intestinal dysbiosis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which include NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s and LTi cells, are a type of innate immune cells.

Studies and Application of Sialylated Milk Components on Regulating Neonatal Gut Microbiota and Health.

Breast milk is rich in sialic acids (SA), which are commonly combined with milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. As a functional nutrient component, SA-containing milk components have received increasing attention in recent years. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been demonstrated to promote the growth and metabolism of beneficial gut microbiota in infants, bringing positive outcomes to intestinal health and immune function.

The Intestinal Dysbiosis of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Its Impact on the Gut Microbiota of Their Newborns.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as "diagnosed as impaired glucose tolerance for the first time during pregnancy," which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and produces divergent effects on mothers and newborns. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of obese people, GDM shows an upward trend. The abundant and diverse members of the human gut microbiota exert critical roles in the maintenance of human health.