Rapid detection of sludge moisture content based on the frequency domain reflection.

The moisture content (MC) of sludge is a critical factor affecting sludge treatment and disposal technologies. Traditional drying methods for measuring sludge MC are time-consuming and lack of portability. To achieve rapid online detection of sludge MC, this paper proposes a method based on frequency domain reflectometry.

A Study on the Through-Plane Permeability of Anisotropic Fibrous Porous Material by Fractal Stochastic Method.

The through-plane permeability is of great importance for understanding the transport phenomenon in anisotropic fibrous porous material. In this paper, a novel pore-scale model based on the equilateral triangle representative unit cell (RUC) and capillary bundle model is developed for the fluid flow through the anisotropic fibrous porous material according to fractal theory, and the effective through-plane permeability is presented accordingly. The digital structures of the fibrous porous material are generated by a fractal stochastic method (FSM), and the single-phase fluid flow through the 3D-reconstructed model is simulated by using the finite element method (FEM).

Thermal and non-thermal mechanism of microwave irradiation on moisture content reduction of municipal sludge.

Both huge volume and high moisture content of municipal sludge have brought great troubles and attracted extensive concerns in the world. The bound water of sludge and pore clogging in the process of pressure filtration dewatering are two key factors influencing the deep-dewatering effect of municipal sludge. The results of this study suggest that microwave irradiation (MI) can be used to synchronously evaporate water, reduce the bound water of sludge and solve the blockage of sludge pore channels during the process filtration dewatering, which can greatly reduce the moisture content of municipal sludge.

Coupling mechanism and parameter optimization of sewage sludge dewatering jointly assisted by electric field and mechanical pressure.

Pressurized electro-dewatering technology is considered to be one of the most effective methods for improving dewatering performance of sewage sludge. In this paper, four dewatering protocols were developed to further explore the coupling mechanism of sludge dewatering through mechanical pressure, electric field and their joint. The results showed that the dewatering performance of the four dewatering protocols were as follows: pressurized electro-dewatering with constant voltage gradient mode (G-PEDW) > first mechanical dewatering then electro-dewatering > mechanical dewatering > electro-dewatering.

Pore-scale model and dewatering performance of municipal sludge by ultrahigh pressurized electro-dewatering with constant voltage gradient.

The disposal of huge municipal sludge with high moisture content has led to numerous energy consumption and brought extensive concerns in the world. In this paper, three dewatering modes, ultrahigh-pressure mechanical dewatering mode (UMDW), pressurized electro-dewatering (PEDW) with constant voltage mode (U-PEDW) and constant voltage gradient mode (G-PEDW) were performed on a self-designed pressurized electro-dewatering apparatus for municipal sludge. The pore structures and moisture distributions were detected by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology.

Ultrahigh pressure filtration dewatering of municipal sludge based on microwave pretreatment.

Municipal sludge is difficult to treat and dispose of because of its high moisture content (MC) and volume. In this study, a novel dewatering method that utilizes ultrahigh pressure filtration (UHPF) and thin-cake-press (TCP) coupled with microwave pretreatment was proposed to reduce the MC of sludge cake. The influence of microwave contact time (MCT), microwave intensity (MI), initial MC of sludge, dewatering time, applied pressure and sludge weight (Ws) on the MC of a sludge cake was investigated by the single-factor experiment.

Meso-mechanism of mechanical dewatering of municipal sludge based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance.

Both huge volume and high moisture content of municipal sludge have brought great troubles and attracted extensive concerns in the world. In this paper, the mechanical press filtration (MPF) dewatering was performed under ultrahigh pressure in order to improve the dewatering performance of municipal sludge. Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique was used to study the effect of MPF parameters on dewatering performance.

SERS based determination of vanillin and its methyl and ethyl derivatives using flower-like silver nanoparticles on a silicon wafer.

A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method is described for the determination of vanillin, methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin at trace levels. Flower-like silver nanoparticles on a silicon wafer are used as the SERS substrate, and the analytes can be specifically and non-destructively recognized by their specific Raman bands. The molecules can be recognized rapidly by identifying the characteristic bands.