A review on heterogeneous sonocatalyst for treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous phase based on catalytic mechanism.

Heterogeneous sonocatalysis, as an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP), has shown immense potential in water treatment and been widely demonstrated to remove persistent organic compounds in the past decade. The present article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the development of a heterogeneous catalyst for enhancing the ultrasonic degradation rate of organic pollutants from a viewpoint of sonocatalytic mechanism. The rational design and fundamentals for preparing sonocatalysts are presented in the context of facilitating the heterogeneous nucleation and photo-thermal-catalytic effects as well as considering the mechanical stability and separation capacity of the heterogeneous catalyst.

Magnetic Pd@FeO composite nanostructure as recoverable catalyst for sonoelectrohybrid degradation of Ibuprofen.

In the present research, the degradation of an emerging pharmaceutical micro-pollutant, Ibuprofen (IBP) by using Pd@FeO and a hybrid sono-electrolytical (US/EC) treatment system has been demonstrated for the first time. The magnetically separable nanocomposite, Pd@FeO catalyst was synthesized following co-precipitation method to enhance the efficiency of US/EC system. The synthesized catalyst showed a strong reusable property even after applying for five times and in all the five cases, 100% degradation of IBP was maintained.

A review on sonoelectrochemical technology as an upcoming alternative for pollutant degradation.

Sonoelectrochemical process has emerged as a novel integrated technology for various applications starting from sonoelectroplating till the remediation of a wide range of contaminants. Although a promising new technology, the application of sonoelectrochemical technology for pollutant degradation are mostly on a laboratory scale, utilizing the conventional reactor configuration of the electrolytic vessel and ultrasonic horns dipped in it. This type of configuration has been believed to be responsible for its sluggish evolution with lower reproducibility, scale-up and design aspects.

Synergistic sonoelectrochemical removal of substituted phenols: implications of ultrasonic parameters and physicochemical properties.

The effects of ultrasonic conditions and physicochemical properties on the synergistic degradation in synthetic solution were investigated. A wide range of ultrasound frequencies, including 35, 170, 300, 500 and 700 kHz, and ultrasonic power densities, including 11.3, 22.

Ultrasonically enhanced electrochemical oxidation of ibuprofen.

A hybrid advanced oxidation process combining sonochemistry (US) and electrochemistry (EC) for the batch scale degradation of ibuprofen was developed. The performance of this hybrid reactor system was evaluated by quantifying on the degradation of ibuprofen under the variation in electrolytes, frequency, applied voltage, ultrasonic power density and temperature in aqueous solutions with a platinum electrode. Among the methods examined (US, EC and US/EC), the hybrid method US/EC resulted 89.

Releases of dioxin-like PCBs in water, soil and residue produced from high thermal processes and waste incinerators.

This paper presents the results of DL-PCB releases to water, soil and residue from waste incinerators, crematorium and various industries such as cement, textile, paper and pulp, steel, thermal power plant, landfill sites and bricks kilns. Total TEQ as per WHO-TEFs (2006) in water, soil and residue ranged from 0.005 to 1.

"Dioxin releases in waste incinerations and thermal processes".

The releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from waste incinerators and thermal processes were investigated. The characteristics of mean PCDD/Fs I-TEQ concentrations and congener profiles were studied over the samples of water, soil, fly ash and bottom ash of individual source. The TEQ value for fly ash ranges from 0.