Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs) with antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram negative pathogenic bacteria isolated from door handles in hospitals of Pokhara, Western Nepal.

Background: The presence of drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs) in hospital associated fomites like door handles can serve as vehicles in transmission and may be the key factor in epidemiology of ESBL producing bacterial infection not only in a hospital setting but also in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBLs and antibiotic resistance of Gram-Negative pathogenic Bacteria isolated from door-handles in two selected hospitals in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal. The study was conducted in selected hospitals in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Western Nepal.

Determination of causes of adult deaths using minimally invasive tissue sampling in Gandaki province of Nepal: a multicenter hospital-based study.

Background: Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS) has been successfully used to establish the cause of death in low- and middle-income countries, mostly in stillbirths and neonates. The objective of this study was to determine the causes of death among adults using MITS in the Gandaki province of Nepal and to find out the contribution of MITS to identify the causes of death.

Methods: A multicentric hospital-based pilot study was conducted to enroll 100 cases of adult deaths.

Burden of Serious Bacterial Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in an Adult Population of Nepal: A Comparative Analysis of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Informed Mortality Surveillance of Community and Hospital Deaths.

Background: Bacterial diseases are the leading cause of mortality globally, and due to haphazard use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance has become an emerging threat.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study utilized a minimally invasive tissue sampling procedure to determine the cause of death among an adult population. Bacterial cultures (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lung tissue) and antibiotic susceptibility were evaluated, and the results were compared between community and hospital deaths.

Disseminated cryptococcosis in a deceased with HIV-1 diagnosed by minimally invasive tissue sampling technique.

Minimal invasive tissue sampling (MITS) technique detected HIV infection and disseminated cryptococcosis in an adult female with sudden death. A proper autopsy is essential to diagnose the exact cause of death and MITS can suffice in natural deaths.

Rapid response calls in inpatient psychiatric units.

Objective: To assess the rates of serious medical issues on psychiatry wards by determining the rate, indication and outcomes of rapid response calls.

Method: Using retrospective file review, information regarding rapid response calls during an 8-month period was analysed.

Results: Seventy-two rapid response calls were recorded; 7.

Efficacy of Topical Cyclosporine 0.05% the Treatment of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.

Introduction: Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis is a chronic bilateral seasonally exacerbated allergy affecting the conjunctiva and cornea of children. As technology has advanced, newer medications have been developed for the control of the disease.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of an immunomodulator, cyclosporine, in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Safety, Efficacy and Acceptability of Early First Trimester Abortion using Oral Mifepristone and Sublingual Misoprostol.

Background: With the legalization of medical abortion in Nepal, mifepristone-misoprostol combination via different routes has been widely used for early abortion. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of 200 milligrams mifepristone orally followed by 800 micrograms sublingual misoprostol in outpatient setting.

Methods: It was an open-label prospective study conducted in outpatient department of a tertiary hospital over a period of 13 months.

Constructing Item Banks for Measuring Quality of Life in Refractive Error.

Significance: Existing patient-reported outcome instruments in refractive error are paper-based questionnaires. They are not comprehensive and psychometrically robust. This study has identified the content of the refractive error-specific item banks that aim to provide comprehensive and scientific measurement of refractive error-specific quality of life.

A case of acute postoperative keratitis after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty by multidrug resistant Klebsiella.

A healthy lady of 42 years underwent deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for granular dystrophy. The very next day, it was complicated by development of infectious keratitis. The organism was identified as multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Intestinal parasitosis in school children of Lalitpur district of Nepal.

Background: Enteric parasites are the most common cause of parasitic diseases and cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among school going children of Lalitpur district of Nepal.

Methods: A total of 1392 stool samples were collected from school children of two government, two private and two community schools of the same district.