Nepalese version of Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire for detection of neuropathic pain signs and symptoms: Translation and psychometric properties.

Objective: This study aimed to translate the DN4 questionnaire into Nepalese version and assess its psychometric properties: diagnostic accuracy, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.

Methods: An observational study was conducted in a tertiary level teaching hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal. We included 166 patients with chronic pain visiting a pain clinic over a period of one year.

Post-operative analgesic effect of intraperitoneal ropivacaine with or without tramadol in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background And Aims: Intraperitoneal instillation of local anaesthetics has been shown to minimise post-operative pain after laparoscopic surgery. This study was aimed to evaluate the post-operative effect of intraperitoneal ropivacaine with and without tramadol in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Eighty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomised into two groups.