Mo than meets the eye: genomic insights into molybdoenzyme diversity of Seleniivibrio woodruffii strain S4T.

Seleniivibrio woodruffii strain S4T is an obligate anaerobe belonging to the phylum Deferribacterota. It was isolated for its ability to respire selenate and was also found to respire arsenate. The high-quality draft genome of this bacterium is 2.

Chaperone Recycling in Late-Stage Flagellar Assembly.

The flagellum is a sophisticated nanomachine responsible for motility in Gram-negative bacteria. Flagellar assembly is a strictly choreographed process, in which the motor and export gate are formed first, followed by the extracellular propeller structure. Extracellular flagellar components are escorted to the export gate by dedicated molecular chaperones for secretion and self-assembly at the apex of the emerging structure.

The relationship between host defense peptides and adrenal steroids. An account of reciprocal influences.

Aim: β-defensins 2 and -3 (HBD-2 and HBD-3) and cathelicidin LL-37 are host defense peptides (HDPs) that play a crucial role in the immune response against mycobacteria. Given our former studies in tuberculosis patients wherein their plasma levels of such peptides correlated with steroid hormone concentrations, we now studied the reciprocal influence of cortisol and/or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on HDPs biosynthesis and LL-37 on adrenal steroidogenesis.

Main Methods: Cultures of macrophages derived from the THP-1 line were treated with cortisol (10M) and/or DHEA (10M and 10M) and stimulated with irradiated M.

Structural homology between 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and Inh-A enzyme: Dehydroepiandrosterone as a potential co-adjuvant treatment in diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity.

Metabolic syndrome is considered the precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tuberculosis is a leading infection that constitutes a global threat remaining a major cause of morbi-mortality in developing countries. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more likely to suffer from infection with .

Close Related Drug-Resistance Beijing Isolates of Reveal a Different Transcriptomic Signature in a Murine Disease Progression Model.

(MTB) lineage 2/Beijing is associated with high virulence and drug resistance worldwide. In Colombia, the Beijing genotype has circulated since 1997, predominantly on the pacific coast, with the Beijing-Like SIT-190 being more prevalent. This genotype conforms to a drug-resistant cluster and shows a fatal outcome in patients.

Differential mast cell numbers and characteristics in human tuberculosis pulmonary lesions.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major worldwide health threat and primarily a lung disease. The innate immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is orchestrated by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells and apparently mast cells (MCs). MCs are located at mucosal sites including the lungs and contribute in host-defence against pathogens, but little is known about their role during Mtb infection.

16α-Bromoepiandrosterone as a new candidate for experimental diabetes-tuberculosis co-morbidity treatment.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single bacterial infectious agent and is one of the most relevant issues of public health. Another pandemic disease is type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) that is estimated to affect half a billion people in the world. T2D is directly associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle and is frequently associated with immunosuppression.

Physical Functioning in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review of Outcome Measures and Their Measurement Properties.

Study Design: A systematic review.

Objective: To summarize evidence on measurement properties of Outcome Measures (OM) used to assess physical functioning in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary Of Background Data: The AIS is a common spine deformity in those aged 10 to 18 years old.

Quinacrine, an Antimalarial Drug with Strong Activity Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 Viral Replication In Vitro.

Quinacrine (Qx), a molecule used as an antimalarial, has shown anticancer, antiprion, and antiviral activity. The most relevant antiviral activities of Qx are related to its ability to raise pH in acidic organelles, diminishing viral enzymatic activity for viral cell entry, and its ability to bind to viral DNA and RNA. Moreover, Qx has been used as an immunomodulator in cutaneous lupus erythematosus and various rheumatological diseases, by inhibiting phospholipase A2 modulating the Th1/Th2 response.

NET Formation in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients With Relapse Is Modulated by IL-17 and IL-23 Interplay.

DNA extracellular traps (ETs), released by neutrophils (NETs), or eosinophils (EETs), play a pathogenic role in several autoimmune disorders. However, to date, NETs have never been investigated in bullous pemphigoid (BP) with respect to clinical and immunological activities, both at baseline and at time of relapse which have been characterized with specific IL-17 and IL-23 patterns. We sought to assess whether ETs were associated with BP as well as the relative contribution of IL-17 axis cytokines to NET induction.

Immunotherapeutic effects of recombinant adenovirus encoding interleukin 12 in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis.

High dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Rv administered by intratracheal injection in BALB/c mice induce progressive tuberculosis (TB). In this model, during the first month there is a temporal control of bacillary growth, in coexistence with macrophage activation, granuloma formation and Th-1 response. Then, bacterial proliferation recommences, accompanied by progressive pneumonia and decreasing expression of protective cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α).

High-quality draft genome sequence of strain AK4OH1, a gammaproteobacterium isolated from estuarine sediment.

strain AK4OH1 (= DSM 17993 = ATCC BAA-1233) is a microaerophilic bacterium isolated from sediment from the Arthur Kill intertidal strait between New Jersey and Staten Island, NY. is Gram-negative and belongs to the . Strain AK4OH1 was the first representative of its genus to be isolated for its unique coupling of the oxidation of aromatic acids to the respiration of selenate.

Efficacious In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Dihydrosphingosine-Ethambutol Analogues Against Susceptible and Multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background And Aims: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major worldwide health problem in part due to the lack of new drugs and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains (MDR). The aim of this study was to select anti-tuberculosis drug candidates from a collection of 69 synthetic sphingosine-ethambutol analogues through in vitro and in vivo evaluations.

Methods: The 69 compounds were evaluated in vitro against two Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, a drug susceptible (H37Rv) and a MDR clinical isolate (CIBIN-99).

Effect of Surgical Therapy on Urinary Symptoms and Urodynamic Findings in Patients with Uterine Myoma.

Objective: To assess the relationship between uterine myomas, urinary symptoms, and urodynamic findings.

Study Design: A total of 49 women hospitalized for uterine myoma were eval- uated in this prospective study. Patients underwent- a detailed clinical evaluation and ukodynamic study.

The implication of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the impaired production of gonadal androgens by patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: The chronic nature of tuberculosis and the protracted immuno-inflammatory reactions are implied in a series of metabolic and immune-endocrine changes accompanying the disease. We explored components from the hypothalamous-pituitary-gonadal axis and their relationship with cytokines involved in disease immunopathology, in male TB patients.

Methods: Plasma samples from 36 active untreated pulmonary TB male patients were used to determine TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-6, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by ELISA.

The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein (HMGB1) in the Immunopathology of Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background: The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the prototype of alarmin protein released by stressed or dying cells. The redox state of this protein confers different functions in the regulation of inflammation and immune response.

Aim: Determine the kinetics, cellular sources and function of HMGB1 in experimental tuberculosis.

Therapeutic efficacy of liposomes containing 4-(5-pentadecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine in a murine model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background And Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases and comprises a global public health concern because co-infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and, in particular, the continuous isolation of new Multidrug-resistant strains (MDR), rendering the discovery of novel anti-TB agents a strategic priority. One of the most effective first-line mycobactericidal drugs is Isoniazid (INH). Previously, we reported in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity against sensitive and MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of a new oxadiazole obtained from the hybridization of INH and palmitic acid.

From deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in Epsilonproteobacteria.

Chemosynthetic Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. In many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum sensing. Within the Epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxS/autoinducer-2 (AI-2) mechanism to control the expression of some of these functions.

The influence of sex steroid hormones in the immunopathology of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis.

The relation between men and women suffering pulmonary tuberculosis is 7/3 in favor to males. Sex hormones could be a significant factor for this difference, considering that testosterone impairs macrophage activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, while estrogens are proinflammatory mediator's inducer. The aim of this work was to compare the evolution of tuberculosis in male and female mice using a model of progressive disease.

Structures of apo- and ssDNA-bound YdbC from Lactococcus lactis uncover the function of protein domain family DUF2128 and expand the single-stranded DNA-binding domain proteome.

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding proteins are important in basal metabolic pathways for gene transcription, recombination, DNA repair and replication in all domains of life. Their main cellular role is to stabilize melted duplex DNA and protect genomic DNA from degradation. We have uncovered the molecular function of protein domain family domain of unknown function DUF2128 (PF09901) as a novel ssDNA binding domain.

Knowledge, attitudes and barriers regarding vaccination against hepatitis A and B in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a survey of family medicine and internal medicine physicians in the United States.

Background: Although vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is recommended for all patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, physician vaccination practices are suboptimal. Since training for family medicine (FM) and internal medicine (IM) physicians differ, we hypothesised that there are differences in knowledge, attitudes and barriers regarding vaccination against HAV and HBV in patients with chronic HCV between these two groups.

Methods: A two-page questionnaire was mailed to 3000 primary care (FM and IM) physicians randomly selected from the AMA Physician Masterfile in 2005.

WhiB5, a transcriptional regulator that contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence and reactivation.

The proteins belonging to the WhiB superfamily are small global transcriptional regulators typical of actinomycetes. In this paper, we characterize the role of WhiB5, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein belonging to this superfamily. A null mutant was constructed in M.

Complete genome sequence of Desulfurispirillum indicum strain S5(T).

Desulfurispirillum indicum strain S5(T) is a strictly anaerobic bacterium isolated from river sediment in Chennai, India. D. indicum belongs to the deep branching phylum of Chrysiogenetes, which currently only includes three other cultured species.

Physiological response of Desulfurispirillum indicum S5 to arsenate and nitrate as terminal electron acceptors.

The ability of anaerobic prokaryotes to employ different terminal electron acceptors for respiration enables these organisms to flourish in subsurface ecosystems. Desulfurispirillum indicum strain S5 is an obligate anaerobic bacterium that is able to grow by respiring a range of different electron acceptors, including arsenate and nitrate. Here, we examined the growth, electron acceptor utilization, and gene expression of D.