Application of deep learning model based on unenhanced chest CT for opportunistic screening of osteoporosis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: A large number of middle-aged and elderly patients have an insufficient understanding of osteoporosis and its harm. This study aimed to establish and validate a convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on unenhanced chest computed tomography (CT) images of the vertebral body and skeletal muscle for opportunistic screening in patients with osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: Our team retrospectively collected clinical information from participants who underwent unenhanced chest CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examinations between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, at four hospitals.

Loading rutin on surfaces by the layer-by-layer assembly technique to improve the oxidation resistance and osteogenesis of titanium implants in osteoporotic rats.

The purpose of this study was to construct a rutin-controlled release system on the surface of Ti substrates and investigate its effects on osteogenesis and osseointegration on the surface of implants. The base layer, polyethylenimine (PEI), was immobilised on a titanium substrate. Then, hyaluronic acid (HA)/chitosan (CS)-rutin (RT) multilayer films were assembled on the PEI using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technology.

Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism in ICU Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the MIMIC-III Database.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially lethal form of venous thromboembolic disease in ICU patients. A limited number of risk factors have been associated with PE in ICU patients. In this study, we aimed to screen the independent risk factors of PE in ICU patients that can be used to evaluate the patient's condition and provide targeted treatment.

Therapeutic effect of SIRT3 on glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head via intracellular oxidative suppression.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH) is a serious complication after long-term or excess administration of clinical glucocorticoids intervention, and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying have not been clarified yet. Oxidative stress is considered as a major cause of bone homeostasis disorder. This study is aimed to explore the potential relevance between SIRT3 and GIONFH, as well as the effect of resveratrol, which has been reported for its role in SIRT3 activation, on dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial compromise in bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs).

Is vitamin K a treatment choice for atypical femoral fractures in patients with secondary osteoporosis?

An atypical femoral fracture (AFF) is a rare complication associated with excessive inhibition of osteoclast expression during treatment of osteoporosis. We herein describe a patient who had been treated with alendronate for more than 10 years and subsequently developed an AFF that healed after treatment with vitamin K (VK2). We also discuss the potential beneficial effects of VK2 on the healing of AFFs.

Apelin-13 induces mitophagy in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to suppress intracellular oxidative stress and ameliorate osteoporosis by activation of AMPK signaling pathway.

Osteoporosis is characterized by impaired bone metabolism. Current estimates show that it affects millions of people worldwide and causes a serious socioeconomic burden. Mitophagy plays key roles in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteoblastic differentiation, mineralization, and survival.

Degradation of subchondral bone collagen in the weight-bearing area of femoral head is associated with osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the change of subchondral bone collagen and trabecular bone in the weight-bearing area of femoral head from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH), and discuss the effect of collagen degradation on OA and ONFH.

Methods: Femoral heads from patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) were collected as control group. All collected samples were divided into OA group (N = 10), ONFH group (N = 10), and FNF group (N = 10).

Comparison of the feasibility of 3D printing technology in the treatment of pelvic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective comparative studies.

Purpose: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the influence of 3D printing technology on the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of pelvic fractures from current randomized controlled trials and prospective comparative studies.

Methods: In this meta-analysis, we conducted electronic searches of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science and CNKI up to February 2020. We collected clinical controlled trials using 3D printing-assisted surgery and traditional techniques to assist in pelvic fractures, evaluating the quality of the included studies and extracting data.

Proanthocyanidins-Mediated Nrf2 Activation Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Osteoblasts.

The widespread use of therapeutic glucocorticoids has increased the frequency of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). One of the potential pathological processes of GIOP is an increased level of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which eventually leads to osteoblast apoptosis. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are plant-derived antioxidants that have therapeutic potential against GIOP.

Vitamin K2 Can Rescue the Dexamethasone-Induced Downregulation of Osteoblast Autophagy and Mitophagy Thereby Restoring Osteoblast Function and .

Chronic long-term glucocorticoids (GC) use is associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) by inhibiting the survival and impairing the functions of osteoblasts. Autophagy and mitophagy play key roles in osteoblast differentiation, mineralization and survival, and mounting evidence have implicated osteoblast autophagy and mitophagy as a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of GIOP. Vitamin K2 (VK2) is an essential nutrient supplement that have been shown to exert protective effects against osteoporotic bone loss including GIOP.

Surface Functionalization with Proanthocyanidins Provides an Anti-Oxidant Defense Mechanism That Improves the Long-Term Stability and Osteogenesis of Titanium Implants.

Purpose: Aseptic loosening is a major complication after total joint replacement. Reactive oxygen species generated by local tissue cells and liberated from implant surfaces have been suggested to cause implant failures. Surface modification of titanium (Ti)-based implants with proanthocyanidins (PAC) is a promising approach for the development of anti-oxidant defense mechanism to supplement the mechanical functions of Ti implants.

Enhancement of local bone formation on titanium implants in osteoporotic rats by biomimetic multilayered structures containing parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein.

Osteoporosis is a severe health problem causing bone fragility and consequent fracture. Titanium (Ti) implants, used in patients with osteoporotic fractures, are prone to failure because of the decreased bone mass and strength. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to fabricate implants possessing osteogenic properties to improve implant osseointegration.

Imperatorin promotes osteogenesis and suppresses osteoclast by activating AKT/GSK3 β/β-catenin pathways.

Osteoporosis is caused by disturbance in the dynamic balance of bone remodelling, a physiological process, vital for maintenance of healthy bone tissue in adult humans. In this process, a new bone is formed by osteoblasts and the pre-existing bone matrix is resorbed by osteoclasts. Imperatorin, a widely available and inexpensive plant extract with antioxidative and apoptotic effects, is reported to treat osteoporosis.

The fast degradation of β-TCP ceramics facilitates healing of bone defects by the combination of BMP-2 and Teriparatide.

Accumulating evidence suggests that the degradation and resorption of calcium phosphate ceramics is always relatively slow, which may inhibit calcium phosphate ceramics' replacement by new bone tissues and the ultimate bone defect repair. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and Teriparatide (PTH) are extensively applied in the treatment of bone pathologies, while their effects on the degradation of calcium phosphate ceramics is limited. In this study, we tested the effects of BMP and PTH on degradation of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramics and bone formation on β-TCP in ovariectomized (OVX) rat models.