Motivating online language learning: exploring ideal L2 self, grit, and self-efficacy in relation to student satisfaction.

Introduction: This study delves into the intricate network of motivational factors that influence online learning satisfaction among intermediate-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in mainland China.

Methods: A diverse sample of 496 EFL students participated in this research. Structural Equation Modeling was employed as the analytical method.

Identifying phenotype-associated subpopulations through LP_SGL.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables the resolution of cellular heterogeneity in diseases and facilitates the identification of novel cell types and subtypes. However, the grouping effects caused by cell-cell interactions are often overlooked in the development of tools for identifying subpopulations. We proposed LP_SGL which incorporates cell group structure to identify phenotype-associated subpopulations by integrating scRNA-seq, bulk expression and bulk phenotype data.

Exogenous Melatonin Treatment Induces Disease Resistance against on Post-Harvest Grapes by Activating Defence Responses.

seriously affects the value of post-harvest grapes. Melatonin can act as an exogenous regulator in the resistance of exogenous pathogens due to its antioxidant activity. An artificial inoculation trial was conducted to research the induced resistance mechanism of melatonin treatment using the table grape "Muscat Hamburg" ( L.

Effects of the Use of Different Temperature and Calcium Chloride Treatments during Storage on the Quality of Fresh-Cut "Xuebai" Cauliflowers.

This study revealed the effect of the use of different temperature and calcium chloride (CaCl) treatments on the storage quality of fresh-cut "Xuebai" cauliflowers. Fresh-cut "Xuebai" cauliflowers were soaked with 2% CaCl solution at different temperatures. The change in the firmness, color, and ascorbic acid (ASA), total glucosinolates (TGLS), polygalacturonase (PG), and lipoxygenase (LOX) content of fresh-cut "Xuebai" cauliflowers during the cold storage period was assessed.