The Norrish-Yang reaction, as a typical example, demonstrates the inherent ability of photochemical reaction to facilitate formation of sterically congested C-C bonds, efficiently crafting intricate ring structure in complex organic molecules. Herein we report for the first time a unified synthesis using quinone-based acid-promoted Norrish-Yang photocyclization for the stereoselective construction of multiple avarane-type meroterpenoid natural products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrop Med Infect Dis
September 2024
The order Bunyavirales belongs to the class of Ellioviricetes and is classified into fourteen families. Some species of the order Bunyavirales pose potential threats to human health. The continuously increasing research reveals that various viruses within this order achieve immune evasion in the host through suppressing interferon (IFN) response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
August 2024
Background: To assess the bioequivalence between Gan & Lee (GL) glargine U300 and Toujeo regarding pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety in Chinese healthy male participants.
Methods: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, two-preparation, two-sequence, four-cycle repeated crossover design study was performed to compare GL glargine U300 and Toujeo in 40 healthy participants. The primary PK endpoints were the area under the curve of glargine metabolites, M1 concentration from 0 to 24 hours (AUC), and the maximum glargine concentration within 24 hours post-dose (C).
As a widely distributed plant in Northeast China, Kunth (CMK) is generally considered to have antibacterial properties; however, there is a lack of scientific evidence for this. Therefore, we investigated the chemical composition of CMK extract and its effect against A total of 105 compounds were identified in the alcohol extracts of CMK by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Most were flavonoids, with being the most represented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: APRI and FIB-4 scores are used to exclude clinically significant fibrosis (defined as stage ≥ F2) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. However, the cut-offs for these scores (generated by Youden indices) vary between different patient cohorts. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum dithiothreitol-oxidizing capacity (DOC), i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) powered drug development has received remarkable attention in recent years. It addresses the limitations of traditional experimental methods that are costly and time-consuming. While there have been many surveys attempting to summarize related research, they only focus on general AI or specific aspects such as natural language processing and graph neural network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhile artificial 3D nanostructures can generate precise and flexible coloration, their real-time color changes during 3D nanoprinting remain unexplored owing to the inherent challenges of in situ transient measurements and observations. In this study, a 3D-printing system which supports the operando observation/measurement of the color dynamics of subwavelength metallic nanoarchitectures fabricated in real time is developed and evaluated. During 3D printing, the dimensions and geometries of the 3D nanostructures grow over time, producing a large library of optical spectra associated with real-time color changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe presence of respiratory diseases demonstrates a positive correlation with atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) exposure. The respiratory system is the main target organ affected by PM, and exposure to PM elevates the likelihood of developing pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In this study, lung epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) and fibroblast (NIH-3T3) were used as in vitro exposure models to explore the mechanisms of PF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAchieving high yield and good quality in crops is essential for human food security and health. However, there is usually disharmony between yield and quality. Seed storage protein (SSP) and starch, the predominant components in cereal grains, determine yield and quality, and their coupled synthesis causes a yield-quality trade-off.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrought stress is an important factor that reduces plant biomass production and quality. As one of the most important economic forage grasses, orchardgrass () has high drought tolerance. Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid () is one of the early responsive gene families of auxin and plays a key role in the response to drought stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe identified a new wheat dwarfing allele Rht12b conferring reduced height and higher grain yield, pinpointed its causal variations, developed a breeding-applicable marker, and traced its origin and worldwide distribution. Plant height control is essential to optimize lodging resistance and yield gain in crops. RHT12 is a reduced height (Rht) locus that is identified in a mutationally induced dwarfing mutant and encodes a gibberellin 2-oxidase TaGA2oxA13.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has been widely used as a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) because of its high surface activity and low cost, but the knowledge of its biological effects is still limited. In this study, we compared the toxic effects of OBS and PFOS on human hepatoma cells (HepG2). OBS resulted in lower cell viability, higher ROS levels, and more severe necrosis than PFOS, indicating that OBS caused higher cytotoxicity than PFOS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWheat needs different durations of vernalization, which accelerates flowering by exposure to cold temperature, to ensure reproductive development at the optimum time, as that is critical for adaptability and high yield. TaVRN1 is the central flowering regulator in the vernalization pathway and encodes a MADS-box transcription factor (TF) that usually works by forming hetero- or homo-dimers. We previously identified that TaVRN1 bound to an MADS-box TF TaSOC1 whose orthologues are flowering activators in other plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetallized arrays of three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures offer new and exciting prospects in nanophotonics and nanoelectronics. Engineering these repeating nanoarchitectures, which have dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the light source, enables in-depth investigation of unprecedented light-matter interactions. Conventional metal nanomanufacturing relies largely on lithographic methods that are limited regarding the choice of materials and machine write time and are restricted to flat patterns and rigid structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMembrane fouling, primarily resulting from natural organic matter (NOM) widely existing in water sources, has always been a chief hindrance for the prevalent application of ultrafiltration (UF). Thus, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)/chlorine process was proposed as a strategy for UF membrane fouling control and ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine process was used for comparison. VUV/chlorine process exhibited more excellent performance on NOM removal than UV/chlorine process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) are a group of insidious and lethal cardiovascular diseases that characterized by seriously threatening the life and health of people, but lack effective nonsurgical interventions. Alterations in metabolites are increasingly recognized as universal features of AAD because metabolic abnormalities have been identified not only in arterial tissue but also in blood and vascular cells from both patients and animal models with this disease. Over the past few decades, studies have further supported this notion by linking AAD to various types of metabolites such as those derived from gut microbiota or involved in TCA cycle or lipid metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe precisely mapped QPH.caas-5AL for plant height in wheat, predicted candidate genes and confirmed genetic effects in a panel of wheat cultivars. Plant height is an important agronomic trait, and appropriately reduced height can improve yield potential and stability in wheat, usually combined with sufficient water and fertilizer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe identified stable QTL for grain morphology and yield component traits in a wheat defective grain filling line and validated genetic effects in a panel of cultivars using breeding-relevant markers. Grain filling capacity is essential for grain yield and appearance quality in cereal crops. Identification of genetic loci for grain filling is important for wheat improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors globally. Former investigations discovered that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in PC development. circRNAs belong to a new class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, which have been found to mediate the progression of diverse types of tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The biosimilar landscape for malignancies continues to grow, with several biosimilars for reference product bevacizumab currently available. Bevacizumab has been shown to be well tolerated; however, the safety of recombinant humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody injection remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and immunogenicity of recombinant humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody injection to that of Avastin® in healthy Chinese male volunteers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSH-1028 is an irreversible third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Considering the possibility of combination therapy in patients with NSCLC, we investigated the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of SH-1028 both in vitro and in clinical trials. The in vitro studies were conducted to determine the potential of SH-1028 as a substrate, inducer, or inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes.
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