Mn(OAc)-Promoted Sulfonation--Cyclization Cascade via the SO Radical: The Synthesis of Spirocyclic Sulfonates.

A radical sulfonation--cyclization cascade promoted by Mn(OAc)·2HO using functionalized alkynes or alkenes and potassium metabisulfite (KSO) is reported. A total of 30 spirocyclic sulfonates were synthesized under mild conditions. We also demonstrate a modular synthesis approach in multiple steps for the preparation of various azaspiro[4,5]-trienone-based sulfonamides and sulfonate esters.

Mn(OAc)-Promoted Sulfonation-Cyclization Cascade via the SO Radical: The Synthesis of Heterocyclic Sulfonates.

Herein we reported a Mn(OAc)2HO promoted radical sulfonation from functionalized alkenes and potassium metabisulfite (KSO). The reaction realized the construction of oxindole, quinolinone, isoquinoline-1,3-dione, or benzoxazine structural fragments and the introduction of sulfonic moieties in one step. More than 50 heterocyclic sulfonates or their derivatives with various substituents were successfully prepared with high efficiency under mild conditions.

Homolytic Aromatic Sulfonation with KSO Promoted by a Combination of Mn(OAc)·2HO and HFIP.

Herein, we reported a so far unprecedented Mn(OAc)·2HO-promoted homolytic aromatic sulfonation. The reaction was performed under mild conditions with KSO employed as a green sulfonating reagent. Various arenes were successfully converted into desired sulfonic acids or sulfonates in high efficiency.

Computer-aided design of microfluidic resistive network using circuit partition and CFD-based optimization and application in microalgae assessment for marine ecological toxicity.

We present an automatic design process for microfluidic dilution network towards marine ecological toxicity assessment on microalgae. Based on the hydraulic-electric circuit analogy, we defined an abstract specification using computer-aided designing system. Several approaches, especially circuit partition, were applied to minimize design effort.

Development of Microfluidic Dilution Network-Based System for Lab-on-a-Chip Microalgal Bioassays.

Because of the crucial ecological significance of microalgae, microalgal bioassays have become one of the most demanding tests from all classic aquatic toxicity tests in regulatory frameworks. However, conventional algal tests tend to be lab-intensive and time- and space-consuming, and they have not been utilized to their full potential for routine toxicity assessments. Microfluidics should be a user-friendly alternative.

An amperometric NO2 sensor based on La10Si5NbO27.5 electrolyte and nano-structured CuO sensing electrode.

A novel amperometric-type NO2 sensor based on La10Si5NbO27.5 (LSNO) electrolyte and nano-structured CuO sensing electrode was fabricated and tested. A bilayer LSNO electrolyte including both a dense layer and a porous layer was prepared by conventional solid state reaction method and screen-printing technology.