Unveiling the link: anti-protein disulfide isomerase A3 autoantibody expression and polycystic ovary syndrome risk in euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis women.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common complication of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in women, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a ubiquitous protein. We have reported that PDIA3 autoantibody (PDIA3Ab) production results from autoimmune responses against thyrocytes, resulting in its high expression in euthyroid AIT patients.

Causal association between low vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.

Background: Recent studies have revealed the correlation between serum vitamin D (VD) level and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the causality and specific mechanisms remain uncertain.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the cause-effect relationship between serum VD and PCOS, and the role of testosterone in the related pathological mechanisms.

Methods: We assessed the causality between serum VD and PCOS by using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data in a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TS-MR) analysis.