Interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis: Metabolism, function, and diseases.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death process driven by reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation, is regulated by several metabolic processes, including iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and redox system. Macrophages are a group of innate immune cells that are widely distributed throughout the body, and play pivotal roles in maintaining metabolic balance by its phagocytic and efferocytotic effects. There is a profound association between the biological functions of macrophage and ferroptosis.

Airway epithelial overexpressed cathepsin K induces airway remodelling through epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit activation in asthma.

Background And Purpose: Airway epithelial cells (AECs) regulate the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal trophic units (EMTUs) during airway remodelling through secretion of signalling mediators. However, the major trigger and the intrinsic pathogenesis of airway remodelling is still obscure.

Experimental Approach: The differing expressed genes in airway epithelia related to airway remodelling were screened and verified by RNA-sequencing and signalling pathway analysis.

Emerging role of N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus-host interactions.

Since December 2019, the infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed an enormous threat to human health security worldwide. Constant mutation of viral genome and varying therapeutic responses of patients infected with this virus prompted efforts to uncover more novel regulators in the pathogenesis. The involvement of N6-methyladenosine, a modified form of RNA, plays a crucial role in viral replication, viral pathogenicity, and intricate signaling pathways connected with immune responses.

Pyrite-activated persulfate to degrade 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl in water: Degradation and Fe release mechanism.

TCP (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol), the main recalcitrant degradation product of chlorpyrifos, poses a high risk to human health and ecological systems. This study provided a comprehensive exploration of the pyrite-activated persulfate (PS) system for the removal of TCP in water and placed particular emphasis on the pyrite oxidation process that releases Fe. The results showed that the pyrite-activated PS system can completely degrade TCP within 300 min at 5.

Transformation of chronic disease management: Before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Adults with chronic diseases often experience a decline in their quality of life along with frequent exacerbations. These diseases can cause anxiety and impose a significant economic burden. Self-management is a crucial aspect of treatment outside of the hospital and can improve quality of life and reduce the financial burden resulting from unexpected hospitalizations.

Clinical application of oscillometry in respiratory diseases: an impulse oscillometry registry.

Background: Respiratory oscillometry is a promising complement to the traditional pulmonary function tests for its simplicity. The usefulness of oscillometry in adult clinical practice has not been clarified. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics and diagnostic performance of oscillometry in respiratory diseases, and explore the cut-offs of oscillometric parameters for severity grading.

Exposure to second-hand smoke is an independent risk factor of small airway dysfunction in non-smokers with chronic cough: A retrospective case-control study.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the potential risk factors for small airway dysfunction (SAD) in non-smokers with chronic cough.

Methods: Non-smokers with chronic cough who underwent lung function tests at Xiangya Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were enrolled, and divided into the derivation and validation cohorts based on their hospital admission time. SAD was determined based on the presence of at least two of the following three indicators of lung function being less than 65% of predicted: maximal mid-expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC.

Early-like differentiation status of systemic PD-1CD8 T cells predicts PD-1 blockade outcome in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with anti-programmed death (PD)-1 therapy; only a fraction of patients derives durable clinical benefit. In this study, we investigated whether the differentiation status of systemic CD8 T cells predicts the outcome of PD-1 blockade in NSCLC.

Methods: We carried out a prospective study on a total of 77 NSCLC patients receiving anti-PD-1 blockers, among which 47 patients were assigned as a discovery cohort and 30 patients as a validation cohort.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulator expression pattern correlates with the immune landscape in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma is the leading cause of tumor-related death. The tumor microenvironment (TME) may determine anti-tumor treatment responses. We focused on 23 m6A regulators, and analyzed m6A regulator expression patterns in 995 lung adenocarcinoma samples collected from 7 publicly available datasets.

Discovery of tumor immune infiltration-related snoRNAs for predicting tumor immune microenvironment status and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has a high mortality rate and is difficult to diagnose and treat in its early stage. Previous studies have demonstrated that small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) play a critical role in tumor immune infiltration and the development of a variety of solid tumors. However, there have been no studies on the correlation between tumor-infiltrating immune-related snoRNAs (TIISRs) and LUAD.

Reference values of respiratory impedance with impulse oscillometry in healthy Chinese adults.

Background: Impulse oscillometry (IO) is a non-invasive pulmonary function test for measuring respiratory impedance. Available reference equations of IO indices for adults are limited. The aim of this study was to develop reference equations of IO indices for Chinese adults.

Neutrophil extracellular traps amplify neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in neutrophilic asthma by stimulating the airway epithelial cells to activate the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway and secrete chemokines.

Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is a distinct airway inflammation disease with prominent neutrophil infiltration. The role played by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in NA, however, is quite unclear. This study was based on the hypothesis that NETs are responsible for the second neutrophil wave and therefore contribute significantly to inflammation.

Mutational landscape and clonal diversity of pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare and indolent lung malignancy, characterized by a protracted but unpredictable growth behavior. Currently, the treatment of PACC relies on surgery and local radiotherapy. However, treatment options for advanced PACC patients are limited.

Inhibition of SERPINE2/protease nexin-1 by a monoclonal antibody attenuates airway remodeling in a murine model of asthma.

SERPINE2, also known as protease nexin-1 (PN-1), is a serine protease inhibitor produced by many cell types and has pleiotropic biological functions. It has been reported that SERPINE2/PN-1 is involved in tissue remodeling of fibrotic diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cardiac fibrosis. However, the potential role of SERPINE2/PN-1 in asthmatic airway remodeling has remained barely investigated so far.

MicroRNA-33b inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell growth, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin/ZEB1 signaling.

Altered expression of microRNA (miRNA) is associated with lung carcinogenesis and metastasis. Our previous study of lung cancer miRNAs using the gene chip assay demonstrated altered miR-33b expression in lung adenocarcinoma. The present study further investigated miR-33b expression, function, and gene regulation in lung cancer cells in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts.