Modeling the Global Impact of Chlorine Chemistry on Secondary Organic Aerosols.

Simulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in models has been an uncertain component in determining the impacts of atmospheric aerosols on air quality and climate. Recent studies have shown that reactive chlorine can rapidly oxidize volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trigger SOA formation, and alter other oxidants, thus having a potentially significant effect on SOA, which has not been thoroughly investigated at the global scale. Here, we developed a chlorine-SOA simulation within a global chemical transport model along with updated anthropogenic continental chlorine emissions.

Superhydrophobic PVDF/SiO composite films with a hierarchical structure for highly stabilized radiative cooling.

PVDF/SiO composite films with a hierarchical structure were prepared by water bath solvent exchange and they realized the integration of self-cleaning and radiative cooling. The high scattering properties of SiO effectively enhanced the radiative cooling performance of the films, and the weathering stability of the composite films was evaluated by UV radiation treatment and friction resistance analysis.

The Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide in Patients Remaining Obese 6 Months after Metabolic Surgery.

Introduction: The safety and efficacy of liraglutide as a weight loss intervention in individuals who remain obese within 1 year post-metabolic surgery remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and safety of liraglutide (1.8 mg) in patients with persistent obesity at 6 months postoperatively.

The Alzheimer's Association Global Biomarker Standardization Consortium (GBSC) plasma phospho-tau Round Robin study.

Background: Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) is a specific blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Multiple p-tau biomarkers on several analytical platforms are poised for clinical use. The Alzheimer's Association Global Biomarker Standardisation Consortium plasma phospho-tau Round Robin study engaged assay developers in a blinded case-control study on plasma p-tau, aiming to learn which assays provide the largest fold-changes in AD compared to non-AD, have the strongest relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and show the most consistent relationships between methods (commutability) in measuring both patient samples and candidate reference materials (CRM).

Historical Southern Hemisphere biomass burning variability inferred from ice core carbon monoxide records.

Biomass burning plays an important role in climate-forcing and atmospheric chemistry. The drivers of fire activity over the past two centuries, however, are hotly debated and fueled by poor constraints on the magnitude and trends of preindustrial fire regimes. As a powerful tracer of biomass burning, reconstructions of paleoatmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) can provide valuable information on the evolution of fire activity across the preindustrial to industrial transition.

Flexible nanoplatform facilitates antibacterial phototherapy by simultaneously enhancing photosensitizer permeation and relieving hypoxia in bacterial biofilms.

Antimicrobial phototherapy has gained recognition as a promising approach for addressing bacterial biofilms, however, its effectiveness is often impeded by the robust physical and chemical defenses of the biofilms. Traditional antibacterial nanoplatforms face challenges in breaching the extracellular polymeric substances barrier to efficiently deliver photosensitizers deep into biofilms. Moreover, the prevalent hypoxia within biofilms restricts the success of oxygen-reliant phototherapy.

The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.

Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space. Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study, JAXA CFE study, SpaceX Inspiration4 crew, Axiom and Polaris.

The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiN/BN/SiBCN Microcomposites Fabricated by the PIP Process.

SiBCN ceramics based on SiC, BN and SiN structures have good comprehensive properties such as high-temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, creep resistance and long life, which makes it one of the very promising ceramic material systems in military and aerospace fields, etc. In this study, SiBCN ceramics, as well as SiN/BN/SiBCN microcomposites, were prepared by a polymer infiltration pyrolysis method using PBSZ as the polymer precursor. The PBSZ was completely ceramized by pyrolysis at 900 °C.

Preparation of polyclonal antibodies to chicken P62 protein and its application in nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus-infected chickens.

p62, also known as SQSTM1, has been shown to be closely related to the coronavirus. However, it remains unclear on the relationship between p62 and NIBV infection. Moreover, there are no available antibodies against the chicken p62 protein.

Metabolic surgery results in greater metabolic benefits in patients who achieve healthy weight.

Background: A percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) >20% as the expected weight loss target after metabolic surgery might be insufficient to produce adequate metabolic benefits.

Objectives: This study identified the optimal weight loss target to achieve substantial benefits from metabolic surgery.

Setting: University-affiliated tertiary care center.

Electroencephalographic Indices for Clinical Endpoints during Propofol Anesthesia in Infants: An Early-phase Propofol Biomarker-finding Study.

Background: Unlike expired sevoflurane concentration, propofol lacks a biomarker for its brain effect site concentration, leading to dosing imprecision particularly in infants. Electroencephalography monitoring can serve as a biomarker for propofol effect site concentration, yet proprietary electroencephalography indices are not validated in infants. The authors evaluated spectral edge frequency (SEF95) as a propofol anesthesia biomarker in infants.

Improved biomass burning emissions from 1750 to 2010 using ice core records and inverse modeling.

Estimating fire emissions prior to the satellite era is challenging because observations are limited, leading to large uncertainties in the calculated aerosol climate forcing following the preindustrial era. This challenge further limits the ability of climate models to accurately project future climate change. Here, we reconstruct a gridded dataset of global biomass burning emissions from 1750 to 2010 using inverse analysis that leveraged a global array of 31 ice core records of black carbon deposition fluxes, two different historical emission inventories as a priori estimates, and emission-deposition sensitivities simulated by the atmospheric chemical transport model GEOS-Chem.

High-Performance Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor from Guilin Sanhua Liquor Lees-Derived Carbon Materials.

Aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) have attracted considerable attention because they are inexpensive and safe. However, the inadequate energy densities, power densities, and cycling performance of current ZHSC energy-storage devices are impediments that need to be overcome to enable the further development and commercialization of this technology. To address these issues, in this study, we prepared carbon-based ZHSCs using a series of porous carbon materials derived from Sanhua liquor lees (SLPCs).

Assessment of the correlation between KAP scores regarding sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and hyperuricemia amongst Chinese young adults.

Background: The prevalence of hyperuricemia in China has been consistently increasing, particularly among the younger generation. The excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with hyperuricemia. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Chinese young adults regarding sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the correlation with hyperuricemia.

A systematic evaluation of population pharmacokinetic models for polymyxin B in patients with liver and/or kidney dysfunction.

Polymyxin B (PMB) is considered a last-line treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacterial infections. Model-informed precision dosing with population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) models could help to individualize PMB dosing regimens and improve therapy. However, the external prediction ability of the established PopPK models has not been fully elaborated.

Green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide by using tropical microalgae and its application in biophotovoltaic devices.

The successful commercialization of algal biophotovoltaics (BPV) technology hinges upon a multifaceted approach, encompassing factors such as the development of a cost-efficient and highly conductive anode material. To address this issue, we developed an environmentally benign method of producing reduced graphene oxide (rGO), using concentrated sp. UMACC 313 suspensions as the reducing agent.

Peripheral nerve-derived Sema3A promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the Wnt/β-catenin/Nrp1 positive feedback loop.

Sensory nerves play a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis by releasing Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). However, the specific mechanism of Sema3A in regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) during bone remodelling remains unclear. The tibial denervation model was used and the denervated tibia exhibited significantly lower mass as compared to sham operated bones.

Loop-Neurorrhaphy Technique for Preventing Bone Resorption and Preserving Sensation in Mandibular Reconstruction.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether using an innervated vascularized iliac bone flap could effectively prevent bone resorption and maintain sensory function in the lower lip.

Methods: In the innervated group, the deep circumflex iliac artery and recipient vessels were anastomosed, with simultaneous microanastomosis of ilioinguinal nerve, mental nerve, and inferior alveolar nerve. Conversely, the control group underwent solely vascular anastomosis.

Cross-Platform Comparison of Highly Sensitive Immunoassays for Inflammatory Markers in a COVID-19 Cohort.

A variety of commercial platforms are available for the simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines and associated proteins, often employing Ab pairs to capture and detect target proteins. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the performance of three distinct platforms: the fluorescent bead-based Luminex assay, the proximity extension-based Olink assay, and a novel proximity ligation assay platform known as Alamar NULISAseq. These assessments were conducted on human serum samples from the National Institutes of Health IMPACC study, with a focus on three essential performance metrics: detectability, correlation, and differential expression.

Distinctive mesenchymal-like neurofibroma stem cells shape NF1 clinical phenotypes controlled by BDNF microenvironment.

Background: Neurofibroma type I (NF1) often presents with multiple clinical phenotypes due to mutations of NF1 gene. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and therapeutic relevance of tumor microenvironment in NF1 patients.

Methods: Tumor stem cells (TSCs) from NF1 were isolated and cultured using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and colony formation experiments.

Cross-platform comparison of highly-sensitive immunoassays for inflammatory markers in a COVID-19 cohort .

A variety of commercial platforms are available for the simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines and associated proteins, often employing antibody pairs to capture and detect target proteins. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the performance of three distinct platforms: the fluorescent bead-based Luminex assay, the proximity extension-based Olink assay, and a novel proximity ligation assay platform known as Alamar NULISAseq. These assessments were conducted on serum samples from the NIH IMPACC study, with a focus on three essential performance metrics: detectability, correlation, and differential expression.

NULISA: a proteomic liquid biopsy platform with attomolar sensitivity and high multiplexing.

The blood proteome holds great promise for precision medicine but poses substantial challenges due to the low abundance of most plasma proteins and the vast dynamic range of the plasma proteome. Here we address these challenges with NUcleic acid Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA™), which improves the sensitivity of traditional proximity ligation assays by ~10,000-fold to attomolar level, by suppressing assay background via a dual capture and release mechanism built into oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies. Highly multiplexed quantification of both low- and high-abundance proteins spanning a wide dynamic range is achieved by attenuating signals from abundant targets with unconjugated antibodies and next-generation sequencing of barcoded reporter DNA.

Quantitative electroencephalogram in term neonates under different sleep states.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to assess depth of consciousness, but interpreting EEG can be challenging, especially in neonates whose EEG undergo rapid changes during the perinatal course. EEG can be processed into quantitative EEG (QEEG), but limited data exist on the range of QEEG for normal term neonates during wakefulness and sleep, baseline information that would be useful to determine changes during sedation or anesthesia. We aimed to determine the range of QEEG in neonates during awake, active sleep and quiet sleep states, and identified the ones best at discriminating between the three states.

Climate Penalty on Air Pollution Abated by Anthropogenic Emission Reductions in the United States.

Climate change poses direct and indirect threats to public health, including exacerbating air pollution. However, how a warmer temperature deteriorates air quality, known as the "climate penalty" effect, remains highly uncertain in the United States, particularly under rapid reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Here we examined the sensitivity of surface-level fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) to summer temperature anomalies in the contiguous US and their decadal changes using high-resolution datasets generated by machine learning models.