Pyrrolopyrrole Cyanine Aggregates with Amplified Superoxide Radical Generation, GSH Depletion, and Photothermal Action for Hypoxic Cancer Phototherapy.

The elevated glutathione (GSH) level and hypoxia in tumor cells are two key obstacles to realizing the high performance of phototherapy. Herein, the electron-donating rotors are introduced to wings of electron-withdrawing pyrrolopyrrole cyanine (PPCy) to form donor-acceptor-donor structure -aggregates for amplified superoxide radical generation, GSH depletion, and photothermal action for hypoxic cancer phototherapy to tackle this challenge. Three PPCy photosensitizers (PPCy-H, PPCy-Br, and PPCy-TPE) produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (O) in hypoxia tumors exclusively as well as excellent photothermal performances under light irradiation.

Recent advances in type I organic photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy for overcoming tumor hypoxia.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with an oxygen-dependent character is a noninvasive therapeutic method for cancer treatment. However, its clinical therapeutic effect is greatly restricted by tumor hypoxia. What's more, both PDT-mediated oxygen consumption and microvascular damage aggravate tumor hypoxia, thus, further impeding therapeutic outcomes.

Recent Advances in Fluorescent Methods for Polyamine Detection and the Polyamine Suppressing Strategy in Tumor Treatment.

The biogenic aliphatic polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine) are responsible for numerous cell functions, including cell proliferation, the stabilization of nucleic acid conformations, cell division, homeostasis, gene expression, and protein synthesis in living organisms. The change of polyamine concentrations in the urine or blood is usually related to the presence of malignant tumors and is regarded as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, the detection of polyamine levels in physiological fluids can provide valuable information in terms of cancer diagnosis and in monitoring therapeutic effects.

Utilizing a Solvatochromic Optical Agent to Monitor the Polarity Changes in Dynamic Liver Injury Progression.

Unraveling the changing rule of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) polarity is of significance for liver injury. However, the rule of the ER polarity changes during the occurrence and progression of liver injury remains a mystery. Toward that, a unique fluorescent probe, , capable of imaging ER polarity in multiple liver injury models with high accuracy and fidelity was designed herein.

Lipid droplet polarity decreases during the pathology of muscle injury as revealed by a polarity sensitive sensor.

Revealing the relationship between lipid droplets (LDs)polarity and disease is indispensable in clinicopathological diagnosis. So far, muscle injury is often ignored as it is not life-threatening as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, making the exploration of the internal relationship between muscle injury and LDs polarity a gray area. Herein, a fluorescent probe (CCB) with powerful polar-sensitive as well as precise LDs targeting was designed for visualizing the LDs polarity in the pathology of muscle injury.