Dislocation Substructures Evolution and an Informer Constitutive Model for a Ti-55511 Alloy in Two-Stages High-Temperature Forming with Variant Strain Rates in β Region.

The high-temperature compression characteristics of a Ti-55511 alloy are explored through adopting two-stage high-temperature compressed experiments with step-like strain rates. The evolving features of dislocation substructures over hot, compressed parameters are revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experiment results suggest that the dislocations annihilation through the rearrangement/interaction of dislocations is aggravated with the increase in forming temperature.

Maternal Testosterone and Offspring Birth Weight: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Context: Evidence has shown maternal androgen levels in both the general population and populations with hyperandrogenic disorders are inversely associated with offspring birth weight.

Context: We aimed to investigate the causal effect of maternal testosterone levels in the general population on offspring birth weight and preterm delivery risk using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods: We obtained independent genetic instruments from a sex-specific genome-wide association study with up to 230 454 females of European descent from the UK Biobank.

Higher Coffee Consumption Is Associated With Reduced Cerebral Gray Matter Volume: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Recently published two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies showed that genetically predicted coffee consumption may be associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and intracerebral hemorrhage but associated with a decreased risk of small vessel ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the effects of genetically predicted coffee consumption on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of cerebral small vessel disease and brain volume using the two-sample MR method.

Methods: Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in up to 375,833 individuals were used as genetic instruments for cups consumed per day of coffee.