Effects of polysaccharide from hot-compressed steamed Rehmannia glutinosa on the immune system and gut microbiota in an immunosuppressed mice model.

In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide obtained by hot-compressed steaming of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (HRP) were investigated using both in vitro and in vivo methods. It was found that HRP activated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, up-regulated the intracellular expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and induced of innate immune memory in macrophages. We then investigated the effect of HRP on immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX).

Physicochemical, rheological, antioxidant and immunological properties of four novel non-inulin (poly)saccharides from Asparagus cochinchinensis.

The impacts of four extraction techniques, including hot water, ultrasonic-assisted, complex enzyme-assisted and acid-assisted methods, on the morphological, physicochemical properties and bioactivities of Asparagus cochinchinensis (poly)saccharides (EACP, WACP, UACP, and AACP) were investigated and compared. The four samples were mainly composed of glucose, fructose, and galactose with molar ratios of 50.8:22.

Preparation, structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide and its metal chelates from the peel of L.

Two metal chelates of L. peel polysaccharides (DTP) were prepared: iron chelate (DTP-Fe) and zinc chelate (DTP-Zn). The physicochemical properties of the polysaccharide and its metal chelates were assessed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis.

Three-phase extraction of polysaccharide from : Process optimization, structural characterization and bioactivities.

The isolation of polysaccharide (SRP) by three-phase extraction was optimized, and its structure and biological activities were identified. The optimal extraction conditions were: mass fraction of ammonium sulfate, 20%; volume ratio of sample solution to t-butanol, 1:1.5; extraction temperature, 35°C.

Structure and Bioactivities of a Novel Polysaccharide Extracted From by Subcritical Water.

In this study, the polysaccharide was extracted by subcritical water from . A novel polysaccharide (DHPs-1) was obtained through several purification steps and its structure and bioactivity were investigated. Structural analysis indicated that the weight-average molecular weight of DHPs-1 was 5.

Acid-Catalyzed Water Extraction of Two Polysaccharides from and Their Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities.

In this study, two purified polysaccharide fractions, Artp1 and Artp2, were obtained using acid-catalyzed water extraction, and then purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography from the crude polysaccharides of . Their physicochemical properties were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal analysis, and methylation analysis. The average molecular weight (Mw) of Artp1 and Artp2 were estimated to be 42.

Effect of diurnal temperature range on outpatient visits for common cold in Shanghai, China.

To evaluate the correlations between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and the number of outpatient visits for common cold from Jan. 1, 2008, to Dec. 31, 2010, in the Shanghai metro area; we used a distributed lag non-linear model together with a Poisson regression model.

Physicochemical properties and bioactivities of original and Se-enriched polysaccharides with different molecular weights extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus.

Three polysaccharides (WZP1, WZP2, WZP3) and their Se-enriched products (SeWZP1, SeWZP2 and SeWZP3) were obtained from Pleurotus ostreatus using a simple, rapid method and HNO-NaSeO method, respectively. The molecular weight distribution profiles of all samples except SeWZP2 showed double peaks. The average molecular weights (Mw) of WZP1-3 were 48.

Short-term effect of PM on pediatric asthma incidence in Shanghai, China.

Recent epidemiological studies pointed out that air pollution has a significant impact on pediatric asthma. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China, and the short-term effect of atmospheric particulate matter on the incidence of pediatric asthma has become a hot topic. From January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, we used daily measurements of pollutant concentrations, daily weather data, and daily records of pediatric asthma hospital visits from local authorities to evaluate the short-term effect of air pollution on pediatric asthma incidence in Shanghai, China.

Influences of Extraction Methods on Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of Three New Bulbil Starches from . cv. Tiegun.

Starches from the bulbils of Thunb. cv. Tiegun were isolated by aqueous steeping (SBS), enzyme extraction (EBS), and alkaline extraction (ABS) methods, respectively.

Chinese quince seed gum: Flow behaviour, thixotropy and viscoelasticity.

Characterization of the rheological properties of Chinese quince seed gum (CQSG) is fundamental when using it in food production. In the present paper, the chemical compositions and the rheological properties of CQSG at different concentrations, types of salts, temperatures and pH values were characterized by using shear or dynamic rheological experiments. The results demonstrated that uronic acid content of CQSG (31.

Prenylated Indole Diterpene Alkaloids from a Mine-Soil-Derived Tolypocladium sp.

Ten new prenylated indole diterpene alkaloids, tolypocladin A-J (1-10), including four chlorinated metabolites, have been isolated from a culture of a mine-soil-derived fungus, Tolypocladium sp. XL115. The structures and absolute configurations of 1-10 were determined by spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and comparison with known compounds.

A Novel Antibiotic Mechanism of l-Cyclopropylalanine Blocking the Biosynthetic Pathway of Essential Amino Acid l-Leucine.

The unusual amino acid l-cyclopropylalanine was isolated from the mushroom after detection in an anti-fungal screening test. l-Cyclopropylalanine was found to exhibit broad-spectrum inhibition against fungi and bacteria. The anti-fungal activity was found to be abolished in the presence of the amino acid l-leucine, but not any other amino acids, indicating that l-cyclopropylalanine may block the biosynthesis of the essential amino acid l-leucine, thereby inhibiting fungal and bacteria growth.

Inactivation and identification of three genes encoding glycosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of nogalamycin.

Nogalamycin is an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, consisting of the aromatic aglycone attached with a nogalose and a nogalamine. At present, the biosynthesis pathway of nogalamycin, especially the glycosylation mechanism of the two deoxysugar moieties, had still not been extensively investigated in vivo. In this study, we inactivated the three glycotransferase genes in the nogalamycin-produced strain, and investigated the function of these genes by analyzing the metabolites profiles in the fermentation broth.

Lycorine: a potential broad-spectrum agent against crop pathogenic fungi.

A screening test showed that lycorine exhibited significant antifungal activity against 24 pathogenic crop fungi at concentrations of 500 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml, respectively. Fusarium graminearum was selected for antifungal mechanism studies by observing its mycelial morphology and investigating the variations in its conductivity. In addition, the substance absorption and metabolism of F.

Efficient bioconversion of quercetin into a novel glycoside by Streptomyces rimosus subsp. rimosus ATCC 10970.

Incubation of quercetin with Streptomyces rimosus subsp. rimosus ATCC 10970 yielded an unusual glycosylated derivative. The structure of the product was determined to be quercetin-7-O-β-4″-deoxy-hex-4″-enopyranosiduronic acid based on the spectral data.

Triterpenoids from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum.

Recently a series of triterpenoids were isolated from ganoderma spores and have drawn the attention of chemists and pharmacists. The aim of this review is to summarize the triterpenoids and their bioactivities of ganoderma spores. The chemical and biological literatures of ganoderma spores dealing with the structural analysis and bioactivity assay were selected.

Activity of armillarisin B in vitro against plant pathogenic fungi.

The methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Armillariella tabescens was found to show antifungal activity against Gibberella zeae. The active compound was isolated from the fruiting bodies of A. tabescens by bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract and identified as armillarisin B.