The role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy in functional bowel disease.

Objective: This study investigates the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a biophysical therapy for alleviating symptoms of functional bowel disorder (FBD) and associated psychological symptoms by targeting the brain-gut axis.

Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis involving 226 subjects, comprising the FBD group ( = 113) and a healthy control group ( = 113). Within the FBD group, participants were further divided into those who received rTMS therapy (FBD treatment group,  = 63) and those who did not (FBD control group,  = 50).

Clinical application of transcranial magnetic stimulation for functional bowel disease.

Functional bowel disorder (FBD) is a common gastrointestinal disease syndrome characterized by dysmotility and secretion without known organic lesions. The pathogenesis of FBD is still unclear. In recent years, with the rise of neurogastroenterology, it has initially revealed its close relationship with the "brain-gut axis.

Nerve-on-a-Chip Derived Biomimicking Microfibers for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

Fibrous scaffolds have shown their advantages in tissue engineering, such as peripheral nerve regeneration, while most of the existing fiber-shaped scaffolds are with simple structures, and the in vitro performance for nerve regeneration lacks systematic analysis. Here, novel nerve-on-a-chip derived biomimicking microfibers for peripheral nerve regeneration are presented. The microfibers with controllable core-shell structures and functionalities are generated through capillary microfluidic devices.

Recent therapeutics in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor of hepatocytes. It is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system that often has initially hidden presentation followed by rapid progression. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of HCC.

Combining a Density Gradient of Biomacromolecular Nanoparticles with Biological Effectors in an Electrospun Fiber-Based Nerve Guidance Conduit to Promote Peripheral Nerve Repair.

Peripheral nerve injury is a serious medical problem with limited surgical and clinical treatment options. It is of great significance to integrate multiple guidance cues in one platform of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) to promote axonal elongation and functional recovery. Here, a multi-functional NGC is constructed to promote nerve regeneration by combining ordered topological structure, density gradient of biomacromolecular nanoparticles, and controlled delivery of biological effectors to provide the topographical, haptotactic, and biological cues, respectively.

Meckel's Diverticulum with Multiple Sprouts at the Tip in a Child.

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is usually a simple tubular-shaped diverticulum. We describe a MD with multiple complex terminal sprouts in a child found incidentally during an appendectomy for appendicitis. The MD was resected, and the child recovered well.

Pathogenesis Markers of Hashimoto's Disease-A Mini Review.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease involving the thyroid gland. HT often clinically manifest as hypothyroidism due to the destruction of thyroid cells mediated by humoral and cellular immunity. The pathogenesis of HT is a complex process in which environmental factors, hereditary inclination, trace elements immune factors, cytokines, and DNA and miRNA all play an important role.

Structural basis for activation of fungal sterol receptor Upc2 and azole resistance.

Fungal transcription factor Upc2 senses ergosterol levels and regulates sterol biosynthesis and uptake. Constitutive activation of Upc2 causes azole resistance in Candida species. We determined the structure of ergosterol-bound Upc2, revealing the ligand specificity and transcriptional regulation.

Microtubes with gradient decellularized porcine sciatic nerve matrix from microfluidics for sciatic nerve regeneration.

Long-range peripheral nerve defect is a severe and worldwide disease. With the increasing development of tissue engineering, the excellent ability of nerve extracellular matrix (ECM) in peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has been widely studied and verified. Here, we present a novel microtube that contains gradient decellularized porcine sciatic nerve ECM hydrogel (pDScNM-gel) from microfluidics for sciatic nerve regeneration.

Mechanism Involved in Acute Liver Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion.

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a common pathophysiological process, which can occur in many conditions such as acute enteric ischemia, severe burns, small intestinal transplantation, etc,. Ischemia-reperfusion of the intestine is often accompanied by distal organ injury, especially liver injury. This paper outlined the signal pathways and cytokines involved in acute liver injury induced by intestinal I/R: the NF-κB Signaling Pathway, the P66shc Signaling Pathway, the HMGB1 Signaling Pathway, the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway, the AMPK-SIRT-1 Signaling Pathway and other cytokines, providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of liver injury caused by reperfusion after intestinal I/R.

Mechanisms Involved in Gut Microbiota Regulation of Skeletal Muscle.

Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body and is essential for maintaining quality of life. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function can lead to a range of adverse consequences. The gut microbiota can interact with skeletal muscle by regulating a variety of processes that affect host physiology, including inflammatory immunity, protein anabolism, energy, lipids, neuromuscular connectivity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and endocrine and insulin resistance.

The involvement of perivascular spaces or tissues in the facial intradermal brain-targeted delivery.

Our previous work indicates the lymphatic network and perivascular spaces or tissues might be involved in the facial intradermal brain-targeted delivery of Evans blue (EB). In this article, we presented the detailed involvement of both, and the linkage between lymphatic network and perivascular spaces or tissues. The in-vivo imaging, the trigeminal transection and immunohistochemistry were used.

Ratiometric delivery of two therapeutic candidates with inherently dissimilar physicochemical property through pH-sensitive core-shell nanoparticles targeting the heterogeneous tumor cells of glioma.

Currently, combination drug therapy is one of the most effective approaches to glioma treatment. However, due to the inherent dissimilar pharmacokinetics of individual drugs and blood brain barriers, it was difficult for the concomitant drugs to simultaneously be delivered to glioma in an optimal dose ratio manner. Herein, a cationic micellar core (Cur-M) was first prepared from d-α-tocopherol-grafted-ε-polylysine polymer to encapsulate the hydrophobic curcumin, followed by dopamine-modified-poly-γ-glutamic acid polymer further deposited on its surface as a anion shell through pH-sensitive linkage to encapsulate the hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX) hydrochloride.

[Preparation of rat uterine decellularized scaffold and extracellular matrix hydrogel].

The chemical extraction method was used to prepare the rat uterine decellularized scaffolds, and to investigate the feasibility of preparing the extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel. The rat uterus were collected and extracted by 1%sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 3% TritonX-100 and 4% sodium deoxycholate (SDC) in sequence. Scanning electron microscopy, histochemical staining and immunohistochemistry was used to assess the degree of decellularization of rat uterine scaffold.

CoQ10-loaded liposomes combined with UTMD prevented early nephropathy of diabetic rats.

Nephropathy is one of the most severe complications of diabetic patients. The therapeutic strategies for diabetic patients should not only focus on the control of blood glucose but also pay attention to the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has great therapeutic potential for DN.

Skin-penetrating polymeric nanoparticles incorporated in silk fibroin hydrogel for topical delivery of curcumin to improve its therapeutic effect on psoriasis mouse model.

A poor percutaneous penetration capability for most topical anti-inflammatory drugs is one of the main causes compromising their therapeutic effects on psoriatic skin. Even though curcumin has shown a remarkable efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis, its effective penetration through the stratum corneum is still a major challenge during transdermal delivery. The aim of our study was to design skin-permeating nanoparticles (NPs) to facilitate delivery of curcumin to the deeper layers of the skin.

Dual Regulations of Thermosensitive Heparin-Poloxamer Hydrogel Using ε-Polylysine: Bioadhesivity and Controlled KGF Release for Enhancing Wound Healing of Endometrial Injury.

Hydrogel was not only used as an effective support matrix to prevent intrauterine adhesion after endometrial injury but also served as scaffold to sustain release of some therapeutics, especially growth factor. However, because of the rapid turnover of the endometrial mucus, the poor retention and bad absorption of therapeutic agents in damaged endometrial cavity were two important factors hindering their pharmacologic effect. Herein, a mucoadhesive hydrogel was described by using heparin-modified poloxamer (HP) as the matrix material and ε-polylysine (EPL) as functional excipient.

Therapeutic supermolecular micelles of vitamin E succinate-grafted ε-polylysine as potential carriers for curcumin: Enhancing tumour penetration and improving therapeutic effect on glioma.

Severe toxicity and poor tumour penetration are two intrinsic limited factors to hinder the broad clinical application for most of first-line chemotherapeutics. In this study, a novel vitamin E succinate-grafted ε-polylysine (VES-g-PLL) polymer was synthesized by using ε-polylysine as backbone. By adjusting VES graft ratio, VES-g-PLL (50) with a theoretic VES graft ratio of 50% could self-assemble into a supermolecular micelle with a hydrodynamic diameter (D) of ca.

Liposomes with Silk Fibroin Hydrogel Core to Stabilize bFGF and Promote the Wound Healing of Mice with Deep Second-Degree Scald.

How to maintain the stability of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in wounds with massive wound fluids is important to accelerate wound healing. Here, a novel liposome with hydrogel core of silk fibroin (SF-LIP) is successfully developed by the common liposomal template, followed by gelation of liquid SF inside vesicle under sonication. SF-LIP is capable of encapsulating bFGF (SF-bFGF-LIP) with high efficiency, having a diameter of 99.

Temperature-sensitive heparin-modified poloxamer hydrogel with affinity to KGF facilitate the morphologic and functional recovery of the injured rat uterus.

Endometrial injury usually results in intrauterine adhesion (IUA), which is an important cause of infertility and recurrent miscarriage in reproductive women. There is still lack of an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent occurrence of IUA. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a potent repair factor for epithelial tissues.

A strategy for bypassing the blood-brain barrier: Facial intradermal brain-targeted delivery via the trigeminal nerve.

Although intranasal delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the anatomical location of the olfactory mucosa and respiratory airflow interference lead to less brain-targeted drug delivery. In addition to intranasal delivery, evidence indicates that facial intradermal injection might be a novel strategy for bypassing the BBB via the trigeminal nerve (TN). The hypothesis was verified by pharmacokinetic evaluation, nasal injury, lymphatic vessels inhibition and immunohistochemistry.

Implantable porous gelatin microspheres sustained release of bFGF and improved its neuroprotective effect on rats after spinal cord injury.

In this study, porous gelatin microspheres (GMSs) were constructed to improve the neuroprotective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on spinal cord injury. GMSs were prepared by a W/O emulsion template, followed by cross-linking, washing and drying. The particle sizes and surface porosity of the blank GMSs were carefully characterized by scan electronic microscopy.