Hydro-climatic extremes shift the hydrologic sensitivity regime in a cold basin.

Escalating climate extreme events disrupt hydrological processes by affecting both water availability and sediment dynamics. However, the interconnection between hydrological variability and climatic extremes remains underexplored, particularly in cold regions under a changing climate. Here, we develop a yield-based dichotomy framework to examine the impact of shifted climatic extreme patterns on hydrological regimes in the Ishikari River Basin (IRB), Hokkaido, Japan, which is a crucial area for local agriculture and urban development.

Runoff nitrogen losses under confluence and diverging drainage systems in the sloped plot scale: A comparative study.

The drainage system is a key measure for regulating runoff nutrient losses on sloping farmlands. Confluence and diverging drainage systems are two drainage layouts representing natural water network systems and are widely distributed in sloping farmlands; however, the effects of these drainage systems on runoff nutrient losses in the sloped plots remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of different drainage systems on the characteristics of runoff nitrogen (N) losses in sloped plots using laboratory rainfall simulations.

[Effects of Balanced Fertilization and Straw Mulching on Soil Nutrients and Stoichiometry in Purple Soil Slope].

To explore the effects of long-term balanced fertilization and straw mulching on soil nutrients and stoichiometric ratios in purple soil sloping cropland, nine plots (length 7 m×width 3 m) were established in Dianjiang County as the research sample area of long-term farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss monitoring. The following three treatments were set up:conventional mode (CK), balanced fertilization mode (M1), and balanced fertilization+straw mulching mode (M2), with three replications for each treatment to compare the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and their stoichiometric changes under different treatments from 2018 to 2020. The results showed:K contents showed significant differences among the three treatments in 2018, in the order of CK>M2>M1.

Fertilization and cultivation management promotes soil phosphorus availability by enhancing soil P-cycling enzymes and the phosphatase encoding genes in bulk and rhizosphere soil of a maize crop in sloping cropland.

Fertilization and cultivation managements exert significant effects on crop growth and soil-associated nutrients in croplands. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how these practices affect soil phosphorus-cycling enzymes and functional genes involved in regulating global P-cycling, especially under intense agricultural management practices in sloping croplands. A long-term field (15-year) trial was conducted in a 15° sloping field based on five treatments: no fertilizer amendments + downslope cultivation (CK); mixed treatment of mineral fertilizer and organic manure + downslope cultivation (T1); mineral fertilizer alone + downslope cultivation (T2); 1.

Nitrogen Allocation Tradeoffs Within-Leaf between Photosynthesis and High-Temperature Adaptation among Different Varieties of Pecan ( [Wangenh.] K. Koch).

Interpreting leaf nitrogen (N) allocation is essential to understanding leaf N cycling and the economy of plant adaptation to environmental fluctuations, yet the way these mechanisms shift in various varieties under high temperatures remains unclear. Here, eight varieties of pecan ( [Wangenh.] K.

Soil water repellency and micro-aggregate fractions in response to crop growth periods in a sloping cropland subjecting to long-term fertilization management.

Fertilization management and crop growth can affect soil water repellency (SWR) through altering other soil properties such as micro-aggregate, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN). However, the extents and magnitudes of these effects remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of different crop growth periods and long-term fertilization managements on SWR and selected soil physicochemical properties and their linkages.

[Characteristics of Runoff-related Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses Under Long-term Fertilization and Cultivation on Purple Soil Sloping Croplands].

To elucidate the effects of long-term fertilization and cultivation on runoff rates and runoff-related nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses, the following five treatments were established on sloping purple soil cropland:① no fertilizer with downslope tillage (CK), ② combined application of manure and fertilizer with downslope tillage (T1), ③ chemical fertilizers with downslope tillage (T2), ④ chemical fertilizer with increasing fertilization with downslope tillage (T3), and ⑤ chemical fertilizer with contour tillage (T4). The runoff rate, runoff-related total N (TN), and total P (TP) concentrations and their loss rates from 104 erosive rainfall events were determined for the period 2008-2019. Results showed that although runoff rates were not significantly different among the fertilization treatments (>0.

[Seasonal Variations in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentration and Stoichiometry of Hanfeng Lake in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area].

Based on the seasonal changes in the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in Hanfeng Lake from March 2017 to February 2018, the nutrient limitation status was evaluated by the stoichiometric molar ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that the average concentrations of TN, DN, and NO-N were 1.60, 1.

Periodically hydrologic alterations decouple the relationships between physicochemical variables and chlorophyll-a in a dam-induced urban lake.

Periodically hydrologic alterations driven by seasonal change and water storage capacity management strongly modify physicochemical properties and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and their interactions in dam-induced lakes. However, the extent and magnitude of these changes still remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of periodically hydrologic alterations on physicochemical variables and Chl-a in the dam-induced urban Hanfeng Lake, upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir.

[Spatial-temporal Distribution of Nutrients in Hanfeng Lake After Official Operation].

The hydrograph of Hanfeng Lake, which is the largest pre-dam of theThree Gorges Reservoir, varied between the fluvial stage and lake stage after the lake was officially operated, resulting in large shifts in the aquatic biogeochemical processes. To explore the spatial-temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and identify their influencing factors in Hanfeng Lake, seven sampling sites were set up to monitor the changes of nutrients and other water indicators at different water depths monthly from January to December 2018. The results showed that completely vertical mixing across water profiles was observed.

Nitrate assimilation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and denitrification coexist in Pseudomonas putida Y-9 under aerobic conditions.

The specific nitrate reduction pathway in Pseudomonas putida Y-9 under aerobic conditions was studied. Strain Y-9 removed 82% of the nitrate accompanied by an accumulation of ammonium and a decrease of total nitrogen. Ammonium inhibited nitrate transformation (removal efficiency was 22.

Plastic pollution in croplands threatens long-term food security.

Plastic pollution is a global concern given its prevalence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Studies have been conducted on the distribution and impact of plastic pollution in marine ecosystems, but little is known on terrestrial ecosystems. Plastic mulch has been widely used to increase crop yields worldwide, yet the impact of plastic residues in cropland soils to soil health and crop production in the long term remained unclear.

[Stoichiometric Characteristics of Purple Sloping Cropland Under Long-term Fertilization and Cultivation].

Clarification of the effects of long-term fertilization and cultivation on soil organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents and their stoichiometric ratios can contribute to existing research on the C and nutrient biogeochemical cycles and their interacting mechanisms. Such information is also of great significance to fertilization management and for the control of non-point pollution. Fifteen plots (8 m long, 4 m wide) were set up on a representative purple hillslope (15°).

CT-based radiomic signatures for prediction of pathologic complete response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

The objective of this study was to build models to predict complete pathologic response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients using radiomic features. A total of 55 consecutive patients pathologically diagnosed as having ESCC were included in this study. Patients were divided into a training cohort (44 patients) and a testing cohort (11 patients).

[Analysis of the Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emissions from Agricultural Non-point Sources on Hanfeng Lake Basin].

To understand the status of agricultural non-point source pollution and to find out the primary pollution sources and the key control areas in the Hanfeng Lake Basin, the discharges of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from farming, livestock and poultry breeding, and rural living in thirty-two counties in 2015 were estimated using the pollutant discharge coefficient method. The spatial distribution characteristics of the quality and intensity of the TN and TP emissions from these sources were investigated using the GIS spatial analysis method. Pollution evaluation and source analysis were also carried out using the equivalent pollution load method.

Transcriptome analysis of differential gene expression in Dichomitus squalens during interspecific mycelial interactions and the potential link with laccase induction.

Interspecific mycelial interactions between white rot fungi are always accompanied by an increased production of laccase. In this study, the potential of the white rot fungus Dichomitus squalens to enhance laccase production during interactions with two other white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor or Pleurotus ostreatus, was assessed. To probe the mechanism of laccase induction and the role that laccase plays during combative interaction, we analyzed the differential gene expression profile of the laccase induction response to stressful conditions during fungal interaction.

Label-free differentially proteomic analysis of interspecific interaction between white-rot fungi highlights oxidative stress response and high metabolic activity.

The laccase production by mycelial antagonistic interaction among white-rot fungi is a very important pathway for lignin degradation research. To gain a better understanding of competitive mechanisms under mycelial antagonistic interaction among three lignin-degrading white-rot basidiomycetes of Trametesversicolor (Tv), Pleurotusostreatus (Po) and Dichomitussqualens (Ds), mycelial morphology and proteins in three co-culture combinations TvPo (Tv cocultivated with Po), PoDs (Po cocultivated with Ds), TvDs (Tv cocultivated with Ds) were compared with corresponding each two mono-cultures. In this study, scanning electron microscopy detection of co-cultures indicated a highly close attachment of fungal hyphae with each other and conidiation could be inhibited under fungal interaction.

Pattern of radiation-induced thyroid gland changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in 48 months after radiotherapy.

Objectives: Radiation-induced hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. This study evaluated the pattern of radiation-induced thyroid gland changes in 48 months after radiotherapy in NPC patients and the association of hypothyroidism incidence with thyroid dose.

Methods: Fifty-six NPC patients treated by intensity modulated radiotherapy in 2013 were recruited.

Development of a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model for radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

Background: The objectives of this study were to build a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model of radiation-induced hypothyroidism (RHT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and to compare it with other four published NTCP models to evaluate its efficacy.

Methods: Medical notes of 174 NPC patients after radiotherapy were reviewed. Biochemical hypothyroidism was defined as an elevated level of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value with a normal or decreased level of serum free thyroxine (fT4) after radiotherapy.

Water and soil loss from landslide deposits as a function of gravel content in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, revealed by artificial rainfall simulations.

A large number of landslides were triggered by the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake which occurred on 12th May 2008. Landslides impacted extensive areas along the Mingjiang River and its tributaries.

[Hanfeng Pre-reservoir Commissioning Time Variation Feature of the Hydrology and Water Quality in Three Gorges Reservoir].

Hanfeng Pre-reservoir is very rare in the world which is specially designed to reduce the impact of Fluctuating Zone, and it is formed in Hanfeng Lake of Three Gorges reservoir. The Hanfeng Pre-reservoir has many special hydrological characteristics and ecological environment features based on its unique "pre-reservoir" control mode, the wide seasonal wetland of Fluctuating Zone, the huge life pollution and agricultural pollution, and the pressure of huge city and excessive population. HanFeng Lake has a variety of morphological features such as lakes, rivers, and other backwater bay, for the effect of water level regulation in Three Gorges, since the successful commissioning of the Hanfeng Lake pre-dam system in 2015.

Effects of land disturbance on runoff and sediment yield after natural rainfall events in southwestern China.

Severe soil erosion occurs in southwestern China owing to the large expanses of urbanization and sloping land. This field monitoring study was conducted to record the rainfall events, runoff, and sediment yield in 20-, 40-, and 60-m plots under conditions of artificial disturbance or natural restoration in the purple soil area of southwestern China. The study took place during the rainy season, and the plots were situated on a 15° slope.

[Seasonal Variations of Soil Microbial PLFAs and Soil Enzyme Activity Under the Citrus Plantation in Mt. Jinyun, Chongqing].

The soil microbial community and soil enzyme activity are important parts of soil ecosystem,and they are sensitive to the ecological environment.In this study,citrus plantation in Mt.Jinyun was chosen as the research object.

[Hanfeng Pre-dam Commissioning Eutrophication Status and Control Evaluation in Three Gorges Reservoir].

To reduce the impact of Fluctuating Zone, the Three Gorges Reservoir pre-dam is rare in the world which is specially designed and is the largest artificial lake body in China. The ecological benefits of landscape, farmland and lake and the social benefits of livable city have been significantly enhanced since the successful commissioning of the Hanfeng Lake pre-dam system. The paper proposed the application of layered hydrology and water quality monitoring for analysis of Tributary runoff and lake body section in the pre-dam commissioning in the whole year, and a total of 17 measured indicators inlucding hydrological parameters such as , etc, physical parameters such as , pH, SD, DO, TSS etc.