Understanding the dual impact of oat protein on the structure and digestion of oat starch at pre- and post-retrogradation stages.

Although extensive research has been conducted on the effects of protein-starch interaction on the gelatinization and microstructure of starch gels, the starch retrogradation process and protein component has been overlooked. Moreover, the dual regulatory effects of oat protein on starch gel microstructure and starch digestibility pre-and post-retrogradation still remains largely unexplored. In this study, the gelation behaviors, structure, and digestibility of oat protein-oat starch mixtures pre- and post-retrogradation were determined.

Social risk to infant: The role of kin for maternal visual monitoring in Tibetan macaques.

Maternal monitoring of conspecifics is a crucial anti-predator strategy that also protects infants against risks within the social group. This study examines how maternal characteristics, infant characteristics, mother-infant distance, and the social environment affect maternal monitoring behaviors in free-ranging Tibetan macaques (). We observed 12 females with infants and analyzed their visual monitoring patterns.

Downregulation of HIGD1B induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by inactivating Akt and ERK pathways.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Hypoxia-inducible domain (HIGD) family members (e.g.

Consistent Individual Differences Drive Collective Movements in a Tibetan Macaque Group.

Collective movement has emerged as a key area of interest in animal behavior. While individual differences are often viewed as a potential threat to group cohesion, growing evidence suggests that these differences can actually influence an animal's behavior as an initiator or follower during collective movements, thereby driving the group's movement and decision-making processes. To resolve the divergence, we asked how personality can affect the dynamics of collective movements in one group of free-ranging Tibetan macaques () in Huangshan, China.

Gut microbiome is associated with personality traits of free-ranging Tibetan macaques ().

Recent studies have emphasized that there is a strong link between the gut microbiome and the brain that affects social behavior and personality in animals. However, the interface between personality and the gut microbiome in wild primates remains poorly understood. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing and ethological methods in primate behavioral ecology to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome and personality in Tibetan macaques ().

Urocortin-1 promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and proliferation and inhibits apoptosis via inhibition of the p53 signaling pathway.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of urocortin-1 (UCN-1) on growth, migration, and apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) in vivo and vitro and the mechanism by which UCN-1 modulates CRC cells in vitro.

Methods: The correlation between UCN-1 and CRC was evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and a tissue microarray. The expression of UCN-1 in CRC cells was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting.

Impact of pre-meal immersion on multi-scale structural changes and starch digestibility of cooked dried noodles.

Pre-meal immersion is a common process for both the consumption of dried noodles and development of takeaway noodles, but its impact on the structure and digestibility of dried noodles is still unclear. In this study, dried noodles cooked for the optimal time were immersed at 80 °C for different time durations. Multi-scale structural changes, including texture, molecular structure, microstructure, and starch digestibility were studied using a combination of kinetic (first-order exponential decay function, the Peleg model, and LOS plots), physicochemical, and microscopic analysis.

Fabrication of Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Sensors Using 355 nm Ultraviolet Laser and Their Application in Human-Computer Interaction System.

In recent years, flexible sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) have played an important role in areas such as smart healthcare, smart skin, and wearable devices. This paper presents the fabrication of flexible sensors based on LIG technology and their applications in human-computer interaction (HCI) systems. Firstly, LIG with a sheet resistance as low as 4.

The structural integrity of endosperm/cotyledon cells and cell modification affect starch digestion properties.

Nutritional and epidemiological studies suggest that the excessive intake of highly processed starchy foods contributes to the risk of type II diabetes and obesity in consumers. This is partly caused by the disruption of the cellular structure of cereal endosperms or legume cotyledons in foods during processing, which releases large amounts of highly digestible starch though the cell wall structure. Thus, to improve the production of starch-based foods with slowly digestible starch, it is necessary to clarify the influence of the structural integrity of cereal endosperm and legume cotyledon cells and the modification of their structure during processing on the starch digestion properties.

Behavioral adaptation in an adoptive free-ranging female Tibetan macaque.

Adoption is an important form of allomaternal care in nonhuman primates, with implications for reproductive output and infant survival. Here, we report a kidnapping that became an adoption of a 3-week-old infant by a mother with her own infant in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). The adoptive mother nursed her "new" infant (allonursing), the first observation of this behavior in the species.

Maternal and infantile gut mycobiome during the weaning period in free ranging Tibetan macaques ().

Gut microbiome is critical to the health of mammals. Many previous studies have revealed the gut bacterial microbiomes of mother and infant changed significantly during the weaning period. However, little is known concerning the gut mycobiome of wild primates.

Enhancing the quality of steamed oat cake by partially gelatinized starch in oat flour and its molecular mechanism.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of partially gelatinized starch in oat flour on the rheological characteristics of the oat batter and the quality of steamed oat cakes. The results showed that an increase in the gelatinization degree of oat flour destroyed the starch granular structure and the long-range molecular order of starch, accompanied by a decrease of crystallinity from 22.28 % to 8.

The diversity and function of the in-situ fungal communities in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban wetland.

PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) increases the potential harm to ecosystem and human health. The fungi is considered as a powerful choice for degradation of PAHs. The researches on the effect of PAHs on fungal population in sediment/soil mostly stayed in the laboratory simulation that is based on extreme pollution.

Effect of Heat-Moisture Treatment on the Physicochemical Properties, Structure, Morphology, and Starch Digestibility of Highland Barley ( L. var. Hook. f) Flour.

This study modified native highland barley (HB) flour by heat-moisture treatment (HMT) at different temperatures (90, 110, and 130 °C) and moisture contents (15%, 25%, and 35%). The effects of the treatment on the pasting, thermal, rheological, structural, and morphological properties of the native and HMT HB flour were evaluated. The results showed that HMT at 90 °C and 25% moisture content induced the highest pasting viscosity (3626-5147 cPa) and final viscosity (3734-5384 cPa).

Effects of gelatinization degree and boiling water kneading on the rheology characteristics of gluten-free oat dough.

The effects of gelatinization degree of oat flour and boiling water on the rheological characteristics of oat dough were investigated. Gelatinized oat flour had higher water absorption (2.25-3.

Effects of captive and primate-focused tourism on the gut microbiome of Tibetan macaques.

Documenting the effects of anthropogenic activities on the gut microbiome of wild animals is important to their conservation practices. Captivity and ecotourism are generally considered two common anthropogenic disturbances on the health of nonhuman primates. Here, we examined the divergences of gut microbiome in different environments of Tibetan macaques.

Linking the bacterial microbiome between gut and habitat soil of Tibetan macaque ().

Soil is a part of the habitat environment of terrestrial or semi-terrestrial mammals, which contains a wide variety of microbes. Although the soil microbiome of the host habitat is considered to be a potentially important influence factor on the mammalian gut microbiome and health, few data are currently available to explore the relationship between gut and host habitat soil microbiome in wild primates. Here, marked divergence of the bacterial microbiome in composition and structure between Tibetan macaques () guts and its habitat soil were detected.

Effects of Mother's Dominance Hierarchy on the Development of Social Relationships among Immature Tibetan Macaques.

During a relatively long period of growth, immature individuals rely on their mothers to obtain nutrition, and a good environment for learning social skills needed to cope with complex environments in adulthood. In this study, we collected the behavioral data of Tibetan macaques () to investigate the effects of females' social rank on the development of social relationships among their immature offspring from November to June 2021. The results show that there was no difference in the rate/type of social play and grooming among infants.

Deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14 facilitates gastric carcinogenesis through stabilizing PTBP1.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the aberrant expression of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) is closely associated with cancer progression, including gastric cancer (GC), due to its role in maintaining protein stability. The 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 (PSMD14), a member of the DUBs family, is reported to be highly expressed in some types of cancer and its overexpression indicates poor prognosis, but the function of PSMD14 in GC remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we first analyzed the PSMD14 expression via the TNMplot database and found that PSMD14 was up-regulated in GC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.

Mechanochemical effects on the structural properties of wheat starch during vibration ball milling of wheat endosperm.

Pure wheat endosperm was fully ground in a vibratory ball mill and structural changes in wheat starch were measured to assess the effect of mechanochemical action during the grinding process. Vibratory ball milling changed the endosperm granule size to ~30 μm (D50). There was a significant increase in damaged starch content, and this was positively correlated with the grinding time.

Effect of synergistic fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on thermal properties of wheat bran dietary fiber-wheat starch system.

A synergistic fermentation system was constructed using single strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured separately; wheat starches containing different wheat bran dietary fiber (WBDF) levels (0, 3, 6, 9 & 12%) were fermented in this system. The thermal properties of materials were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rapid viscosity analysis (RVA). The results showed that WBDF may alter the thermal behavior of starch by forming hydrogen bonds with the leached starch chains and limit the available water of starch.