The Experiences of Implementing a Near-Peer Teaching Scheme Into an Undergraduate Dental Hygiene and Dental Therapy Programme at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: To assess the learning and relationship-building potential of a near-peer teaching scheme that is low in faculty financial and time input.

Methods: This longitudinal study collects data via pre- and post-programme questionnaires completed by near-peer tutors and learners following a six-week scheme schedule. Qualitative data are analysed using a descriptive analysis model to assess the perceived value of the scheme.

Morphological Entanglement in Living Systems.

Many organisms exhibit branching morphologies that twist around each other and become entangled. Entanglement occurs when different objects interlock with each other, creating complex and often irreversible configurations. This physical phenomenon is well studied in nonliving materials, such as granular matter, polymers, and wires, where it has been shown that entanglement is highly sensitive to the geometry of the component parts.

Evolution of cell differentiation: Maintenance emerges from speedy models and simple rules.

Can simple groups of cells maintain reproductive division of labor? Or will stochastic fracturing produce groups with a single cell type? A new study uses models and experiments to show that simple biophysical traits can maintain reproductive division of labor.

Metabolically-driven flows enable exponential growth in macroscopic multicellular yeast.

The ecological and evolutionary success of multicellular lineages is due in no small part to their increased size relative to unicellular ancestors. However, large size also poses biophysical challenges, especially regarding the transport of nutrients to all cells; these constraints are typically overcome through multicellular innovations (e.g.

Impact of mastectomy flap necrosis on prepectoral reconstructive outcomes.

Introduction: As reconstructive surgeons have increasingly transitioned to the prepectoral plane for prosthetic breast reconstruction, the implications of mastectomy skin flap necrosis have become more concerning. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of skin flap necrosis on reconstructive outcomes in patients undergoing immediate prepectoral breast reconstruction.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients undergoing immediate two-stage prepectoral reconstruction at a single center with at least 3 months follow-up.

A nonadaptive explanation for macroevolutionary patterns in the evolution of complex multicellularity.

"Complex multicellularity," conventionally defined as large organisms with many specialized cell types, has evolved five times independently in eukaryotes, but never within prokaryotes. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, most of which posit that eukaryotes evolved key traits (e.g.

A non-adaptive explanation for macroevolutionary patterns in the evolution of complex multicellularity.

"Complex multicellularity", conventionally defined as large organisms with many specialized cell types, has evolved five times independently in eukaryotes, but never within prokaryotes. A number hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, most of which posit that eukaryotes evolved key traits (., dynamic cytoskeletons, alternative mechanisms of gene regulation, or subcellular compartments) which were a necessary prerequisite for the evolution of complex multicellularity.

The Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap for Devastating Hand Injuries in Obese Patients.

Introduction: Blast injuries to the hand, such as those from fireworks, are debilitating and life altering. Often, because of the nature of the injury, there is a need for soft tissue and skin coverage. However, in the increasingly obese American population, free flaps often are too bulky for functional hand coverage.

Sarcopenia Best Predicts Complications in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction.

Unlabelled: Breast reconstruction remains a major component of the plastic surgeon's repertoire, especially free-flap breast reconstruction (FFBR), though this is a high-risk surgery in which patient selection is paramount. Preoperative predictors of complication remain mixed in their utility. We sought to determine whether the sarcopenia score, a validated measure of physiologic health, outperforms the body mass index (BMI) and modified frailty index (mFI) in terms of predicting outcomes.

The Hybridization Barrier between Herbaceous and Woody Is Weakened by Reproductive Abnormalities in Seed Parents.

Historically, crosses between (alfalfa) and with alfalfa as the seed parent failed, as did crosses using as the seed parent. Thus, a reproductive barrier kept the two species isolated until early in this century. The breakthrough came when alfalfa seed parents were identified in Wisconsin USA and Queensland AU that produced partial hybrids (hereafter hybrids).

Retrospective evaluation of transportation and outcome of dogs on a mechanical ventilator: 9 cases.

Objective: To describe the transportation and clinical outcome of 9 dogs transported to a referral hospital on mechanical ventilation (MV).

Design: Retrospective case series (2015-2020).

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Systemic Cancer Therapy Does Not Significantly Impact Early Vaccine-Elicited SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in Patients with Solid Tumors.

mRNA vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective in individuals with cancer. It is unclear, however, if systemic anti-cancer therapy impacts the coordinated cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-elicited immunity in a cohort of patients with advanced solid tumors either under observation or receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy.

Evidence That 2n Eggs Explain Partial Hybrids between and .

Selected genotypes of alfalfa () produce partial hybrids in sexual crosses with , as reported in (2013). The hybrids contain mostly alfalfa DNA and traits, but also contain DNA and traits from . It was proposed in 2008 that the partial hybrids could be explained by fertilization of 2n eggs in alfalfa by normal pollen from , followed by partial loss of chromosomes during embryogenesis.

A 7-week-old male Golden Retriever with extreme leukocytosis: A case report.

Although neoplasia should be a top concern for extreme leukocytosis in dogs, infectious causes must also be considered to avoid delays in treatment or undue recommendations for humane euthanasia. Blood film review is of paramount importance.

Evidence-Based Design in Hospital Renovation Projects: A Study of Design Implementation for User Controls.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to investigate and report the implementation of evidence-based design (EBD) principles relating to user controls into hospital renovation projects.

Background: Progress requires the application of the most recent knowledge and technology. When it comes to the design and construction of healthcare facilities, the latest knowledge comes in the form of EBD research.

Utilisation of a Bioreactor for Culture and Expansion of Epithelial Cells without the use of Trypsin or Enzymes.

Objective: To develop a bioreactor for automated culture, maintenance, and collection of normal human keratinocytes using an enzyme-free propagation method.

Methods: The culture of normal human epithelial keratinocytes was compared in two culture methods - a study team-developed automated bioreactor utilising an enzyme-free passage method, and a manual culture method. Cell size, glucose utilisation, and the proliferative capacity of the two cultures were evaluated.

Comparison of two decellularized dermal equivalents.

Immunologically inert allogeneic acellular dermal scaffolds provide a matrix with molecular architecture close to native tissues, which synthetic scaffolds cannot. Not all nature-derived scaffolds possess the same biological and physical properties. The different properties of scaffolds supporting cellular growth used for manufacturing tissue engineered grafts could lead to different implantation results.

Fabrication of Large Size Ex Vivo-Produced Oral Mucosal Equivalents for Clinical Application.

The soft tissue reconstruction of significant avulsed and/or surgically created tissue defects requires the ability to manufacture substantial soft tissue constructs for repair of the resulting wounds. In this study, we detail the issues that need to be addressed in upsizing the manufacture of larger tissue-engineered devices (ex vivo-produced oral mucosa equivalent [EVPOME]) in vitro from a methodology previously used for smaller constructs. The larger-sized EVPOME, consisting of autologous human oral keratinocytes and a dermal substitute, AlloDerm(®), was fabricated for the purpose of reconstructing large clinical defects.

Mortality of older construction and craft workers employed at department of energy (DOE) nuclear sites: follow-up through 2011.

Background: The Building Trades National Medical Screening Program (BTMed) was established in 1996 to provide occupational medicine screening examinations for construction workers who have worked at US Department of Energy nuclear sites. Workers participating in BTMed between 1998 and 2011 were followed to determine their vital status and mortality experience through December 31, 2011.

Methods: The cohort includes 18,803 BTMed participants and 2,801 deaths.

Risks of a lifetime in construction. Part II: Chronic occupational diseases.

Background: We developed working-life estimates of risk for dust-related occupational lung disease, COPD, and hearing loss based on the experience of the Building Trades National Medical Screening Program in order to (1) demonstrate the value of estimates of lifetime risk, and (2) make lifetime risk estimates for common conditions among construction workers.

Methods: Estimates of lifetime risk were performed based on 12,742 radiographic evaluations, 12,679 spirometry tests, and 11,793 audiograms.

Results: Over a 45-year working life, 16% of construction workers developed COPD, 11% developed parenchymal radiological abnormality, and 73.

The Hybridization Barrier between Herbaceous Medicago sativa and Woody M. arborea Is Weakened by Selection of Seed Parents.

Medicago sativa, alfalfa or lucerne, and M. arborea were considered reproductively isolated until recently. Then, in 2003, an alfalfa genotype was identified that produced a few seeds and progeny with hybrid traits after a large number of pollinations by M.

Metabolomic Identification in Cerebrospinal Fluid of the Effects of High Dietary Cholesterol in a Rabbit Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, manifesting clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment and dementia. The vast majority of cases are late onset AD (LOAD), which are genetically heterogeneous and occur sporadically. The neuropathological changes of LOAD can be reproduced by supplementing a rabbit's diet with 2% cholesterol for 12 weeks.