Microbial manganese redox cycling drives co-removal of nitrate and ammonium.

Manganese (Mn), abundant in the Earth's crust, can act as an oxidant or a reductant for diverse nitrogen biotransformation processes. However, the functional microorganisms and their metabolic pathways, as well as interactions, remain largely elusive. Here, a microbial consortium was enriched from a mixture of freshwater sediments and activated sludge by feeding ammonium, nitrate and Mn(II), which established manganese-driven co-removal of nitrate and ammonium with removal rates of 5.

Biohydrogen fermentation from pretreated biomass in lignocellulose biorefinery: Effects of inhibitory byproducts and recent progress in mitigation strategies.

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is expected to play a critical role in achieving the goal of biomass-to-bioenergy conversion because of its wide distribution and low price. Biomass fermentation is a promising method for the sustainable generation of biohydrogen (bioH) from the renewable feedstock. Due to the inherent resistant structure of biomass, LCB needs to be pretreated to improve its digestibility and utilization.

Thermophilic anaerobic ethane oxidation coupled with selenate and selenite reduction.

Anaerobic microorganisms are critical in regulating ethane in geothermal environments, where selenate and selenite are common contaminants. Although coupling ethane oxidation with selenate reduction has been demonstrated as feasible, such processes remain poorly explored in geothermal environments. This study addressed this gap by successfully enriching thermophilic anaerobic cultures capable of coupling ethane oxidation with selenate/selenite reduction, achieving selenate and selenite removal rate of 2.

Screening and quantification of pesticides in wetland water, ice, sediment and soil: Occurrence, transport and risk assessment.

Current researches on pesticides in wetlands are limited in terms of screening and quantification of many types of pesticides. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics, distribution patterns, and environmental risks of pesticides in multiple media is important for wetland ecological conservation. In this study, 222 pesticides were determined in multimedia samples collected simultaneously from the Songhua Wetland during four seasons.

Enrichment and characterization of thermophilic anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria from hot spring.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidization (Anammox) process plays a crucial role in the global nitrogen cycle and sustainable biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Although Anammox bacteria have been detected across mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, the direct cultivation of Anammox bacteria from thermal environments has remained elusive. This impedes limiting our understanding of their physiology and ecology in high-temperature habitats.

Lipidomics analysis of microalgal lipid production and heavy metal adsorption under glycine betaine-mediated alleviation of low-temperature stress.

Heavy metal pollution in the cold region is serious, affecting human health and aquatic ecology. This study investigated the ability of microalgae to remove heavy metals (HMs) and produce lipid at low temperature. The removal efficiency of different HMs (Cd, Cu, Cr and Pb), cell growth and lipid synthesis of microalgae were analyzed at 15 °C.

Antioxidants alleviated low-temperature stress in microalgae by modulating reactive oxygen species to improve lipid production and antioxidant defense.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various concentrations of antioxidants, including butyl hydroxy anisd (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), fulvic acid (FA), melatonin (MT), glycine betaine (GB) and putrescine (Put), on growth and lipid synthesis of microalgae under low-temperature (15 ℃). Changes in biochemical indicators, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidant enzyme activities were also studied. The results indicated that the maximum biomass concentration (1.

Study on Effect of Surface Micro-Texture of Cemented Carbide on Tribological Properties of Bovine Cortical Bone.

In bone-milling surgical procedures, the intense friction between the tool and bone material often results in high cutting temperatures, leading to the thermal necrosis of bone cells. This paper aims to investigate the effect of micro-texture on the tribological properties of YG8 cemented carbide in contact with bone. The main objective is to guide the design of tool surface microstructures to reduce frictional heat generation.

Photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorus flame retardants in aqueous solutions: a review and future prospects.

The widespread use of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in industrial and household products increases the risk of their environmental exposure, posing a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. Photocatalytic technology has been widely used in wastewater treatment due to its high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and robustness. This review summarizes the current status of research on photocatalytic degradation of OPFRs, focusing on the effect of different types of catalysts on the degradation efficiency, the effects of pH, and co-existing inorganic and organic ions.

ORC1 enhances repressive epigenetic modifications on HIV-1 LTR to promote HIV-1 latency.

Unlabelled: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir consists of latently infected cells which present a major obstacle to achieving a functional cure for HIV-1. The formation and maintenance of HIV-1 latency have been extensively studied, and latency-reversing agents (LRAs) that can reactivate latent HIV-1 by targeting the involved host factors are developed; however, their clinical efficacies remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel targets for more potential candidates or better combinations for LRAs.

Nitrite-driven anaerobic ethane oxidation.

Ethane, the second most abundant gaseous hydrocarbon in vast anoxic environments, is an overlooked greenhouse gas. Microbial anaerobic oxidation of ethane can be driven by available electron acceptors such as sulfate and nitrate. However, despite nitrite being a more thermodynamically feasible electron acceptor than sulfate or nitrate, little is known about nitrite-driven anaerobic ethane oxidation.

BRD7 as key factor in PBAF complex assembly and CD8+ T cell differentiation.

Upon infection, naive CD8+ T cells differentiate into cytotoxic effector cells to eliminate the pathogen-infected cells. Although many mechanisms underlying this process have been demonstrated, the regulatory role of chromatin remodeling system in this process remains largely unknown. Here we show that BRD7, a component of the polybromo-associated BAF complex (PBAF), was required for naive CD8+ T cells to differentiate into functional short-lived effector cells (SLECs) in response to acute infections caused by influenza virus or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV).

Regulatory Mechanisms of Quorum Sensing System of Bacteria in Response to Chlorine and Ozone Disinfection.

Waterborne pathogens invariably present considerable threats to public health. The quorum sensing (QS) system is instrumental in coordinating bacterial growth and metabolisms. However, the responses and regulatory mechanisms of bacteria to various disinfection technologies through quorum sensing are still unclear.

Development of a PCSK9-targeted nanoparticle vaccine to effectively decrease the hypercholesterolemia.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and mediates its internalization and degradation, resulting in an increase in LDL cholesterol levels. Recently, PCSK9 emerged as a therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. In this study, we develop a PCSK9 nanoparticle (NP) vaccine by covalently conjugating the catalytic domain (aa 153-aa 454, D374Y) of PCSK9 to self-assembled 24-mer ferritin NPs.

Synergistic degradation of Tris (2-Chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP) by US/Fenton system: Experimental, DFT calculation and toxicity evaluation.

Organophosphorus esters (OPEs), exemplified by tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), find extensive application in diverse industries such as construction materials, textiles, chemical manufacturing, and electronics, consequently resulting in an increased concentration of these compounds in industrial wastewater. The fundamental objective of this investigation was to examine the degradation of TCEP through the implementation of US/Fenton oxidation techniques in a solution. The findings revealed that the US/Fenton system effectively facilitated the degradation of TCEP, with the Chan kinetic model precisely elucidating the degradation process.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled with sulfate reduction links nitrogen with sulfur cycle.

Sulfate-dependent ammonium oxidation (Sulfammox) is a critical process linking nitrogen and sulfur cycles. However, the metabolic pathway of microbes driven Sulfammox is still in suspense. The study demonstrated that ammonium was not consumed with sulfate as the sole electron acceptor during long-term enrichment, probably due to inhibition from sulfide accumulation, while ammonium was removed at ∼ 10 mg N/L/d with sulfate and nitrate as electron acceptors.

Deciphering the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during medium-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge: Driven by inhibition of ARGs transmission and shift of microbial community.

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from waste activated sludge (WAS) by chain extension (CE) is a promising technology. However, the effects and mechanisms of CE process on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remain unclear. In this study, the results showed that the removal efficiency of ARGs was 81.

Deciphering the formation of granules by n-DAMO and Anammox microorganisms.

Nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) process is a promising wastewater treatment technology, but the slow microbial growth rate greatly hinders its practical application. Although high-level nitrogen removal and excellent biomass accumulation have been achieved in n-DAMO granule process, the formation mechanism of n-DAMO granules remains unresolved. To elucidate the role of functional microbes in granulation, this study attempted to cultivate granules dominated by n-DAMO microorganisms and granules coupling n-DAMO with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox).

Biochar-based composites for removing chlorinated organic pollutants: Applications, mechanisms, and perspectives.

Chlorinated organic pollutants constitute a significant category of persistent organic pollutants due to their widespread presence in the environment, which is primarily attributed to the expansion of agricultural and industrial activities. These pollutants are characterized by their persistence, potent toxicity, and capability for long-range dispersion, emphasizing the importance of their eradication to mitigate environmental pollution. While conventional methods for removing chlorinated organic pollutants encompass advanced oxidation, catalytic oxidation, and bioremediation, the utilization of biochar has emerged as a prominent green and efficacious method in recent years.

Development of nanobodies targeting hepatocellular carcinoma and application of nanobody-based CAR-T technology.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, as an emerging anti-tumor treatment, has garnered extensive attention in the study of targeted therapy of multiple tumor-associated antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the suppressive microenvironment and individual heterogeneity results in downregulation of these antigens in certain patients' cancer cells. Therefore, optimizing CAR-T cell therapy for HCC is imperative.

Nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction as a source of ammonium and nitrous oxide.

'Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens' is an archaeal methanotroph with global importance that links carbon and nitrogen cycles and great potential for sustainable operation of wastewater treatment. It has been reported to mediate the anaerobic oxidation of methane through a reverse methanogenesis pathway while reducing nitrate to nitrite. Here, we demonstrate that 'Ca.

The bioremediation of the typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by microalgae-bacteria consortia: A systematic review.

With industrialisation and the rapidly growing agricultural demand, many organic compounds have been leaked into the environment, causing serious damage to the biosphere. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a type of toxic chemicals that are resistant to degradation through normal chemical, biological or photolytic approaches. With their stable chemical structures, POPs can be accumulated in the environment, and transported through wind and water, causing global environmental issues.