Response of salt stress resistance in highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) through phenylpropane metabolic pathway.

Highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) is a grain crop that grows on the plateau under poor and high salt conditions.

Lipopolysaccharide-pathway proteins are associated with gallbladder cancer among adults in Shanghai, China with mediation by systemic inflammation.

Purpose: We examined inflammation as a mediator of associations between bacterial infection markers and gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Methods: Bacterial response proteins (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], soluble cluster of differentiation 14 [sCD14], and LPS-binding protein [LBP]) were measured in 40 GBC cases and 126 gallstone controls with data on 63 serum inflammation markers. The relationships of LPS, LBP, and sCD14 with GBC were examined by logistic regression, which also was used to evaluate whether these associations are influenced by systemic inflammation as measured by a combinatorial inflammation score.

Application of multiplex arrays for cytokine and chemokine profiling of bile.

Background: Gallbladder disease is highly related to inflammation, but the inflammatory processes are not well understood. Bile provides a direct substrate in assessing the local inflammatory response that develops in the gallbladder. To assess the reproducibility of measuring inflammatory markers in bile, we designed a methods study of 69 multiplexed immune-related markers measured in bile obtained from gallstone patients.

Variants in motilin, somatostatin and their receptor genes and risk of biliary tract cancers and stones in Shanghai, China.

Altered motility of the gallbladder can result in gallstone and cholecystitis, which are important risk factor for biliary tract cancer. Motilin (MLN) and somatostatin (SST) are known important modulators of gallbladder motility. To determine whether genetic variants in motilin, somatostatin, and their receptor genes are associated with the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones, nine tag-SNPs were determined in 439 biliary tract cancer cases (253 gallbladder, 133 extrahepatic bile duct and 53 ampulla of Vater cancer cases), 429 biliary stone cases, and 447 population controls in a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.

Variants in CCK and CCKAR genes to susceptibility to biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China.

Background And Aim: Altered motility of the gallbladder is associated with an increased risk of gallstones and can result in biliary tract cancers. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is an important modulator of gallbladder motility which functions by activating CCK type-A receptor (CCKAR). The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic variants in CCK and CCKAR are associated with the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones.

Cholesterol metabolism gene polymorphisms and the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.

Biliary tract cancers are rare but fatal malignancies, with increasing incidence in Shanghai, China. Gallstones, the primary risk factor for biliary tract cancer, typically result from oversaturation of cholesterol in bile. We examined the association of five variants in three lipid metabolism-related genes (CETP, ABCG8 and LRPAP1) and biliary tract cancers and stones in a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.

Androgen receptor CAG repeat length and risk of biliary tract cancer and stones.

Biliary tract cancers, encompassing cancers of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal. Gallstones represent the major risk factor for biliary tract cancer, and share with gallbladder cancer a female predominance and an association with reproductive factors and obesity. Although estrogens have been implicated in earlier studies of gallbladder cancer, there are no data on the role of androgens.

Polymorphisms of estrogen receptors and risk of biliary tract cancers and gallstones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China.

Biliary tract cancer encompasses tumors of the gallbladder, bile duct and ampulla of Vater. Gallbladder cancer is more common in women, whereas bile duct cancer is more common in men, suggesting that sex hormones may play a role in the etiology of these cancers. The intracellular action of estrogens is regulated by the estrogen receptor (ESR); thus, we examined the role of common genetic variants in ESR genes on the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones in a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China (411 cancer cases, 895 stone cases and 786 controls).

Variants in hormone-related genes and the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based study in China.

Biliary tract cancers, encompassing gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct and ampulla of Vater cancers, are uncommon but often fatal malignancies. Hormone-related factors, including parity, oral contraceptive use, obesity, and gallstones, have been implicated in the etiology of these cancers. To further clarify the role of hormones in biliary tract cancers and biliary stones, we genotyped 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, metabolism and transport in a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.

Variants of DNA repair genes and the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based study in China.

Biliary tract cancers, which encompass tumors of the gallbladder, extrahepatic ducts, and ampulla of Vater, are relatively rare tumors with a high fatality rate. Other than a close link with gallstones, the etiology of biliary tract cancers is poorly understood. We conducted a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China, to examine whether genetic variants in several DNA repair genes are associated with biliary tract cancers or biliary stones.

Polymorphisms of genes in the lipid metabolism pathway and risk of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.

Biliary tract cancers, encompassing the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, and ampulla of Vater, are uncommon yet highly fatal malignancies. Gallstones, the primary risk factor for biliary cancers, are linked with hyperlipidemia. We examined the associations of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms of five genes in the lipid metabolism pathway with the risks of biliary cancers and stones in a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.

Serum lipid levels and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population-based study in China.

Biliary tract cancers, encompassing the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies. Gallstones, the predominant risk factor for biliary cancers, are linked with hyperlipidemia. As part of a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, we examined the associations of serum lipid levels with biliary stones and cancers.

Biliary tract cancer and stones in relation to chronic liver conditions: A population-based study in Shanghai, China.

Biliary tract cancers are relatively rare but fatal tumors. Apart from a close link with gallstones and cholangitis, risk factors for biliary tract cancer are obscure. Chronic liver conditions, including liver cirrhosis, have been linked to a higher risk of biliary tract cancer.

Tea drinking and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.

Biliary tract cancers, encompassing tumors of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies. Apart from gallstones, etiologic factors for biliary tract cancer are not clearly defined. Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that consumption of tea, especially green tea, is protective against a variety of cancers, including gastrointestinal malignancies.

CYP17 MspA1 polymorphism and risk of biliary tract cancers and gallstones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China.

Biliary tract cancers, encompassing cancers of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies. Other than gallstones, little is known about the risk factors for biliary tract cancers. Endogenous estrogens are thought to play a role in the etiology of gallstones and gallbladder cancer, since both conditions predominate in females and are associated with parity and obesity.

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) gene polymorphisms and risk of biliary tract cancer and gallstones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China.

There is evidence that chronic inflammation predisposes to biliary tract cancer and that use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is protective. Although the mechanisms by which NSAIDs lower cancer risk remain unclear, NSAIDs reduce prostaglandin production by blocking prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, commonly known as COX-2), an enzyme induced by proinflammatory stimuli that is often overexpressed in malignant tissue. Since variants in the PTGS2 gene may modify the expression or function of its encoded enzyme to modulate the inflammatory response in the biliary tract, we examined the associations of eight PTGS2 polymorphisms (-645C-->T; Ex3 -8G-->C; IVS5 -275T-->G; IVS7 +111T-->C; Ex10 +127T-->C; Ex10 +686 --->ATTAT-->TTATA; Ex10 +837T-->C; Ex10 -90C-->T) with biliary tract cancer and stones in a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China.

Aspirin use and risk of biliary tract cancer: a population-based study in Shanghai, China.

The association of gallbladder and bile duct cancers with gallstones, cholecystitis, and cholangitis suggest that chronic inflammation contributes to the carcinogenic process. However, the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, on biliary tract cancer has not been well studied. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, we examined the relationship between aspirin use and the risk of biliary disease.

[A survey on the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancers in Shanghai].

Objective: To survey the status of diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancer in Shanghai.

Methods: A clinical epidemiology investigation was carried out on 658 new cases of biliary duct cancers aged 35-74, that registered between June 1997 and May 2001 in urban Shanghai. Clinical findings were collected in 390 gallbladder cancer, 195 bile duct cancer and 73 ampullary cancer.

Alteration in N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities and glycan structure in tissue and bile glycoproteins from extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.

The activities of three N -acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GnT)-III, IV and V, as well as the structural alterations of N-glycans on the glycoproteins in cancer tissues and bile specimens from 28 cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (EBDC) were compared with those from 18 cases of benign biliary duct diseases (BBDD). GnT activities were determined with fluorescence-labeled substrate using a HPLC method. It was found that GnT-III and GnT-V activities in EBDC were increased to 3.

Correlation of glycosyltransferases mRNA expression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma with clinical pathological characteristics.

Background: The incidence of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (EBDC) has been increasing, especially in aged people, but the glycobiology of the tumor is not elucidated. In this study we investigated the expressions of three glycosyltransferases in 35 patients with EBDC and 35 patients with benign biliary duct disease (BBDD) as well as their clinicopathological significance.

Method: The patients were divided into several subgroups by tumor differentiation, TNM stage, and invasion by the standards recommended by UICC.

Alterations of p16 and prognosis in biliary tract cancers from a population-based study in China.

Purpose: Biliary tract cancer is an uncommon malignancy with a poor survival rate. We evaluated p16 gene alteration as a prognostic marker for this disease.

Experimental Design: We studied p16 gene alterations by sequencing, methylation, and loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9p in 118 biliary tract carcinomas, including 68 gallbladder cancers, 33 extrahepatic bile duct cancers, and 17 ampullary cancers.

K-ras mutation, p53 overexpression, and microsatellite instability in biliary tract cancers: a population-based study in China.

Purpose: The genetic alterations in biliary tract cancer and clinicopathological associations have not been studied in large population-based studies.

Experimental Design: We evaluated genetic alterations such as K-ras mutation, p53 overexpression, microsatellite instability (MSI), and alterations of the polyadenine tract present in the transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (TGFbetaRII) gene in 126 biliary tract cancers: 75 gallbladder cancers, 33 bile duct cancers, and 18 ampullary cancers. These genetic alterations were compared with patient demographics and clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors.

Multifactorial analysis of recurrence of cholecy_stolithiasis in Shanghai area.

AIM:To explore the risk factors of gallbladder stone recurrence.METHODS:A multifactorial analysis was made for 1058 patients in Shanghai area whose gallbladder stones disappeared after different kinds of nonsurgical therapy,including oral litholytic therapy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous choledocholithotripsy. Serum level of insulin and total bile acid were determined in 122 patients.