Brevetoxin Aptamer Selection and Biolayer Interferometry Biosensor Application.

Brevetoxins (PbTxs) are very potent marine neurotoxins that can cause an illness clinically described as neurologic shellfish poisoning (NSP). These toxins are cyclic polyether in chemistry and have increased their geographical distribution in the past 2 decades. However, the ethical problems as well as technical difficulties associated with currently employed analysis methods for marine toxins have spurred the quest for suitable alternatives to be applied in a regulatory monitoring regime.

Uncommon Epoxyquinols Pyrrolocytosporin A and Cytosporin E from the Fungus Eutypella sp. D-1.

Two uncommon epoxyquinols, pyrrolocytosporin A (1) and cytosporin E (2), along with the known cytosporin Y (3), were isolated from the solid defined medium of the Arctic-derived fungus Eutypella sp. D-1. Their structures were established through comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic and electronic circular dichroism data.

Eutypellaolides A-J, Sesquiterpene diversity expansion of the polar fungus sp. D-1.

Eight new 12,8-eudesmanolide sesquiterpenes, eutypellaolides A-H (-), and two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, eutypellaolides I-J (-), along with four known 12,8-eudesmanolide compounds -, were isolated from the culture extract of the polar fungus sp. D-1 by one strain many compounds (OSMAC) approach. The structures of these compounds were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic data and experimental and calculated ECD analysis.

Phyllofenones F-M, Scalarane Sesterterpenes from the Marine Sponge .

Eight new scalarane sesterterpenes, phyllofenones F-M (-), together with two known analogues, carteriofenones B and A (-), were isolated from the marine sponge collected from the South China Sea. The structures of these compounds were determined based on extensive spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculation analysis. The antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated.

Cytosporin Derivatives from Arctic-Derived Fungus sp. D-1 via the OSMAC Approach.

A chemical investigation of the Arctic-derived fungus sp. D-1 based on the OSMAC (one strain many compounds) approach resulted in the isolation of five cytosporin polyketides (compounds - and -) from rice medium and eight cytosporins (compounds and -) from solid defined medium. The structures of the seven new compounds, eutypelleudesmane A (), cytosporin Y (), cytosporin Z (), cytosporin Y (), cytosporin Y (), cytosporin Y (), and cytosporin E (), were elucidated by analyzing their detailed spectroscopic data.

Phyllospongianes A-E, Dinorscalarane Sesterterpenes from the Marine Sponge .

Phyllospongianes A-E (-), five new scalarane derivatives featuring an unprecedented 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic dinorscalarane scaffold, along with the known probable biogenetic precursor, 12-deacetylscalaradial (), were isolated from the marine sponge . The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism experiments. Compounds - are the first 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic scalarane derivatives to be reported within the scalarane family.

Quality by design driven development and evaluation of thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with IgY and LL37-SLNs to combat experimental periodontitis.

Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) and LL37, potent antibacterial substances, can fight against periodontitis. This work aimed to develop a locally injectable hydrogel for potential co-delivery of special IgY and LL37-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (LL37-SLNs) to synergistically inhibit the proliferation of oral pathogens, thus relieving periodontal inflammation and redness. The formulation of thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with IgY and LL37-SLNs was developed by adopting the Quality by Design approach.

Bioactive Scalarane-Type Sesterterpenoids from Marine Sources.

Scalarane-type sesterterpenoids have received considerable attention in the scientific literature due to their diverse carbon skeletons and various biological activities and pharmacological properties. Among all these derivatives are commonly isolated from marine sponges and are occasionally derived from shell-less mollusks, such as nudibranchs. This review comprehensively discusses the marine-derived natural sources that give rise to these scalarane-type sesterterpenoids, providing the names, their chemical structures, biological properties, with emphasis on anticancer activity and literature references related to these metabolites.

Palitantin derivatives from the Antarctic fungus sp. 3-1.

Two new polyketides, palitantins B and C ( and ), along with one known related compound (+)-palitantin () were obtained from the culture of the Antarctic fungus sp. 3-1. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, CD, and ECD data.

Eutypellacytosporins A-D, Meroterpenoids from the Arctic Fungus sp. D-1.

The Arctic fungus sp. D-1, previously found to produce a variety of cytotoxic cyclopropyl-fused and cyclobutyl-fused pimarane diterpenoids when grown in the defined medium, was induced to produce unusual metabolites by growing on solid rice medium. A chemical investigation on the rice medium extract led to the isolation of four new meroterpenoids, eutypellacytosporins A-D (-), along with the known biogenetically related compound cytosporin D ().

Cytotoxic Microcolin Lipopeptides from the Marine Cyanobacterium .

Nine new linear lipopeptides, microcolins E-M (-), together with four known related compounds, microcolins A-D (-), were isolated from the marine cyanobacterium using bioassay-guided and LC-MS/MS molecular networking approaches. Catalytic hydrogenation of microcolins A-D (-) yielded two known compounds, 3,4-dihydromicrocolins A and B (, ), and two new derivatives, 3,4-dihydromicrocolins C and D (, ), respectively. The structures of these new compounds were determined by a combination of spectroscopic and advanced Marfey's analysis.

Libertellenones O-S and Eutypellenones A and B, Pimarane Diterpene Derivatives from the Arctic Fungus Eutypella sp. D-1.

Seven new pimarane-type diterpene derivatives, libertellenones O-S (1-5) and eutypellenones A and B (6 and 7), together with two known compounds (8 and 9), were isolated from the culture of Eutypella sp. D-1 obtained from high-latitude soil of the Arctic. Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic data, as well as experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis.

Furanone derivative and sesquiterpene from Antarctic marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. S-1-18.

A new furanone derivative, butanolide A (1), and a new sesquiterpene, guignarderemophilane F (2), together with six known compounds, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. S-1-18 derived from Antarctic marine. The new structures were determined by spectroscopic studies such as 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS analyses.

Biotransformation of total coumarins of Radix Glehniae by Lecanicillium attenuatum W-1-9.

The biotransformation of total coumarins of Radix Glehniae by Lecanicillium attenuatum W-1-9 yielded three new products, lecaniside A (1), lecaniside B (2), and lecaniside C (3). The chemical structures of these metabolites were elucidated based on extensive spectral data, including 2D NMR and HRMS. The hydrogenation, dealkylation, glycosylation, and O-methylation reactions of these metabolites were observed in the present study.

A new sesquiterpene lactone from fungus Eutypella sp. D-1.

We isolated and identified a new sesquiterpene lactone which we named eut-Guaiane sesquiterpene (1), along with four cytochalasins from the fungus Eutypella sp. derived from the soil of high latitude of Arctic. The new structure was determined by spectroscopic studies such as 1D and 2D NMR and MS analyses, while the known compounds were identified by comparison of the NMR data with those in literatures.

Marine Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Design Strategies and Research Progress.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), constructed with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), linkers, and natural cytotoxins, are innovative drugs developed for oncotherapy. Owing to the distinctive advantages of both chemotherapy drugs and antibody drugs, ADCs have obtained enormous success during the past several years. The development of highly specific antibodies, novel marine toxins' applications, and innovative linker technologies all accelerate the rapid R&D of ADCs.

[Antibody-drug conjugates: design and clinical progress].

Antibody-drug conjugates, constructed with monoclonal antibodies, linker and cytotoxins, have distinctive advantages over chemotherapy drugs and antibody drugs in cancer therapy. In this review, the strategy of developing ADCs, and the important progress in past decade are well summarized. The representative ADCs in the pipeline are introduced and characterized with their new features.

Loss of function of Notch1 identifies a poor prognosis group of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy.

Notch1 has previously been implicated in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of Notch1 in early stage HCC patients after hepatectomy. The differential expression of Notch1 in paired tumor and non-tumorous tissue was evaluated by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Traditional Chinese medicine--sea urchin.

The sea urchin is an ancient, common, seafloor-dwelling marine invertebrate that belongs to the phylum Echinodermata. There are multiple species of sea urchin with resources that are widely distributed in China, where they were used in ancient times as Traditional Chinese Medicine for treating a variety of diseases. At present, it is known that the shell, spine and gonad of the sea urchin have many medicinal values determined through modern research.

S5a binds to death receptor-6 to induce THP-1 monocytes to differentiate through the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Analyses of supernatants from apoptotic cells have helped in the identification of many signals that modulate the states of cell activation and differentiation. However, the current knowledge about the soluble factors that are released during apoptosis is rather limited. Previous studies have shown that S5a and angiocidin (both encoded by PSMD4) induce human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1 cells) to differentiate into macrophages, but the cell-surface receptor of S5a has not been identified.

Bioactive tyrosine-derived cytochalasins from fungus Eutypella sp. D-1.

Three new cytochalasins Z24 , Z25 , Z26 (1-3, resp.) and one known compound, scoparasin B (4), were isolated from the fungus Eutypella sp. D-1 isolated from the soil of high latitude of the Arctic.

A new aromatic glycoside from Glehnia littoralis.

A new aromatic glycoside (1) was isolated from the roots of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidtex Miq. Its structure was elucidated as vanillic acid 1-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] ester mainly by analysing the NMR and MS spectral data.

Targeted induction of apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme cells by an MRP3-specific TRAIL fusion protein in vitro.

Single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs) consist of the variable heavy-chain (VH) and variable light-chain (VL) domains, which are the smallest immunoglobulin fragments containing the whole antigen-binding site. Human soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) proves to acquire a potent pro-apoptotic activity only after selective binding to a predefined tumor cell surface antigen and has no off-target effects towards normal cells. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive type of brain tumor and overexpresses human multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3).

Characterization of a marine-derived dextranase and its application to the prevention of dental caries.

The dextranase added in current commercial dextranase-containing mouthwashes is largely from fungi. However, fungal dextranase has shown much higher optimum temperature than bacterial dextranase and relatively low activity when used in human oral cavities. Bacterial dextranase has been considered to be more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention.

Pimarane diterpenes from the Arctic fungus Eutypella sp. D-1.

Two new diterpenes, libertellenone G(1) and libertellenone H(2) were isolated from the fungus Eutypella sp. D-1 isolated from the soil of high latitude of Arctic, together with two known pimarane diterpenes (3-4). The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated from spectroscopic data (nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and infrared).