Trifocal diffractive intraocular lens implantation in patients after previous corneal refractive laser surgery for myopia.

Background: With the difficulties in IOL power calculation and the potential side effects occurring postoperatively, multifocal IOL implantation after previous corneal refractive surgery are rarely reported especially for the trifocal IOL. Herein we report the clinical observation of trifocal IOL implantation in patients with previous myopia excimer laser correction. In this study, a multi-formula average method was performed for the IOLs power calculation to improve the accuracy.

Development of a reference dose for BDE-47, 99, and 209 using benchmark dose methods.

Eleven recently completed toxicological studies were critically reviewed to identify toxicologically significant endpoints and dose-response information. Dose-response data were compiled and entered into the USEPA's benchmark dose software (BMDS) for calculation of a benchmark dose (BMD) and a benchmark dose low (BMDL). After assessing 91 endpoints across the nine studies, a total of 23 of these endpoints were identified for BMD modeling, and BMDL estimates corresponding to various dose-response models were compiled for these separate endpoints.

Application of statistical distribution of PM10 concentration in air quality management in 5 representative cities of China.

Objective: To estimate the frequency of daily average PM10 concentrations exceeding the air quality standard (AQS) and the reduction of particulate matter emission to meet the AQS from the statistical properties (probability density functions) of air pollutant concentration.

Methods: The daily PM10 average concentration in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and Xi'an was measured from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008. The PM10 concentration distribution was simulated by using the lognormal, Weibull and Gamma distributions and the best statistical distribution of PM10 concentration in the 5 cities was detected using to the maximum likelihood method.

Exposure levels of environmental endocrine disruptors in mother-newborn pairs in China and their placental transfer characteristics.

There is a growing concern about the potential health effects of exposure to various environmental chemicals during pregnancy and infancy. The placenta is expected to be an effective barrier protecting the developing embryo against some endocrine disruptors (EDs) circulating in maternal blood. The current study was designed to assess in utero exposure levels of non-persistent organic pollutants (non-POPs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Chinese newborns and potential role of placenta barrier against fetal exposure to these commonly-used environmental endocrine disruptors.

[The establishment and application of Shanghai air quality health index].

Objective: This work aimed to construct Shanghai air quality health index (SAQHI) and to grade the air quality in Shanghai.

Methods: Daily average concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometer (PM(10)), SO(2) and NO(2) from 2001 to 2008 in the central urban areas of Shanghai were collected from Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center. Contemporaneous data of daily average temperature and relative humidity were obtained from Shanghai Meteorological Bureau.

[Application of disability adjusted life years in evaluating health effects due to particulate air pollution in Chinese cities].

Objective: To evaluate the loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to particulate air pollution in Chinese urban residents.

Methods: DALYs was applied to evaluate the health effects due to particulate air pollution in the residents of 656 Chinese cities, and the data of annual average concentrations of inhalable particle (PM(10)) in 2006 were collected from the state-owned air quality monitoring network.

Results: Particulate air pollution in Chinese urban areas in 2006, could cause (506.

Impact of ambient air pollution on public health under various traffic policies in Shanghai, China.

Objective: To investigate the potential impact of ambient air pollution on public health under various traffic policies in Shanghai.

Methods: The exposure level of Shanghai residents to air pollution under various planned traffic scenarios was estimated, and the public health impact was assessed using concentration-response functions derived from available epidemiological studies.

Results: Our results showed that ambient air pollution in relation to traffic scenarios had a significant impact on the future health status of Shanghai residents.

Interaction between ambient particles and ozone and its effect on daily mortality.

Objective: To examine the effect of particulate matter (PM) less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) and ozone (O3) on daily mortality in Shanghai, China.

Methods: A generalized additive model with penalized spline function was used to observe the acute effect of PM10 and O3 on daily mortality.

Results: Higher PM10 significantly increased the effect of O3 on total mortality, and O3 also increased the effect of PM10 although the estimated increment was statistically insignificant.

Disruption effects of monophthalate exposures on inter-Sertoli tight junction in a two-compartment culture model.

Phthalates are suspect environmental endocrine disruptors that may affect male reproduction and development by disturbing androgen synthesis and cell-cell interactions in the seminiferous epithelium. The in vivo metabolites, monophthalates, are thought to be the active agents, and toxicant effects including testicular damage and decreased sperm motility have been described previously. In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of monophthalates on Sertoli cells using a two-compartment cell culture model, asking whether tight junction protein structures are affected, compromising the blood-testis barrier and contributing to male-mediated toxicity.

A time series analysis of outdoor air pollution and preterm birth in Shanghai, China.

Objective: To investigate the relation between air pollution exposure and preterm birth in Shanghai, China.

Methods: We examined the effect of ambient air pollution on preterm birth using time-series approach in Shanghai in 2004. This method can eliminate potential confounding by individual risk factors that do not change over a short period of time.

Phthalate exposure and human semen quality in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To monitor the level of phthalates in human semen samples and to analyze the relationship between phthalate levels and semen parameters.

Methods: Concentrations of three kinds of commonly used phthalates (di-ethyl phthalate, DEP; di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP; di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP) were measured using reversed-phase HPLC. Semen parameters were measured by computer aided sperm analysis (CASA).

Establishment of exposure-response functions of air particulate matter and adverse health outcomes in China and worldwide.

Objective: To obtain the exposure-response functions that could be used in health-based risk assessment of particulate air pollution in China.

Methods: Meta analysis was conducted on the literatures on air particulate matter and its adverse health outcomes in China and worldwide.

Results: For each health outcome from morbidity to mortality changes, the relative risks were estimated when the concentration of air particulate matter increased to some certain units.

Relationship between ambient air pollution and daily mortality of SARS in Beijing.

Objective: To study the relationship between ambient air pollution and daily mortality of SARS in Beijing.

Methods: The approach of time-series Poisson regression was used to assess the relationship between daily SARS mortality, ambient air pollution, and other factors from April 25 to May 31, 2003 in Beijing.

Results: An increase of each 10 microg/m3 over a 5-day moving average of PM10, SO2 and NO2 corresponded to 1.

Statistical distributions of ambient air pollutants in Shanghai, China.

Objective: To determine the best statistical distribution of concentration data of major air pollutants in Shanghai.

Methods: Four types of theoretic distributions (lognormal, gamma, Pearson V and extreme value) were chosen to fit daily average concentration data of PM10, SO2 and NO2 from June 1, 2000 to May 31, 2003 in Shanghai by using the maximum likelihood method. The fit results were evaluated by Chi-square test.

[Copper treatment alters the barrier functions of human intestinal Caco-2 cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of copper on permeability and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) of Caco-2 cell monolayers.

Methods: The differentiated Caco-2 cell model was used in this study. Permeability of cell monolayers was reflected by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); distribution of tight junctional protein ZO-1 was measured by immunofluorescent staining; F actin was measured by fluorescence staining; and Activity of P-gp was reflected by changes of transcellular transport and accumulation of Rho-123 in Caco-2 cells.

[Reversibility of adverse effects of di-n-butyl phthalate on F1 generation rat testes].

Objective: To study the reversibility of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) effects on F(1) generation rat testes.

Methods: Pregnant rats were treated with different dose of DBP (0, 50, 250 and 500 mg per kg per day) by gavage from GD1 to PND21. The adverse effects of DBP on testes of F(1) male rats in different developmental period (PND14, 21 and 70) were observed by anatomy and pathological methods.

[Study on the application of benchmark dose and biological monitoring indexes of fluorides in drinking water].

Objective: By using Benchmark Dose (BMD) approach to explore the relations among drinking water fluoride, urine fluoride, serum fluoride and dental fluorosis; and to evaluate the significance of urine fluoride and serum fluoride in control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.

Methods: 512 children (290 in Xinhuai Village, 222 in Wamiao Village) aged 8-13 years were recruited in the study. Epidemiological methods were used to investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis, and the levels of urine fluoride, serum fluoride, and drinking water fluoride in superficial well.

[Study on the level of phthalates in human biological samples].

Objective: To monitor the level of phthalates in human biological samples.

Methods: The concentrations of three commonly-used phthalate (di-ethyl phthalate, DEP; di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP; di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP) in the human biological samples were measured by using reversed-phase HPLC. The blood serum samples were collected from 52 women and 8 men, semen specimens from 36 men, and fat samples from 6 women and 5 men.

[A case-crossover study of ambient air pollution and daily mortality in Shanghai].

Objective: Using case-crossover design to estimate the acute effect of ambient air pollution on daily mortality in Shanghai, and to explore the applicability of if in studying the acute health effects of air pollution.

Methods: Case-crossover technique was used to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and daily mortality from June 2000 to December 2001 in Shanghai. The results of the bi-directional control sampling approach were compared with unidirectional approach.

Temperature and daily mortality in Shanghai: a time-series study.

Objective: To investigate the association between temperature and daily mortality in Shanghai from June 1, 2000 to December 31, 2001.

Methods: Time-series approach was used to estimate the effect of temperature on daily total and cause-specific mortality. We fitted generalized additive Poisson regression using non-parametric smooth functions to control for long-term time trend, season and other variables.

Impact of long-term exposure to air particulate matter on life expectancy and survival rate of Shanghai residents.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of long-term air particulate matter exposure on the life expectancy and survival rate of Shanghai residents.

Methods: Epidemiology--based exposure-response function was used for the calculation of attributable deaths to air particulate matter in Shanghai, and the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter on life expectancy and survival rate was estimated using the life table of Shanghai residents in 1999.

Results: It was shown that in 1999, the long-term air particulate matter exposure caused 1.