Determination of fipronil and its metabolites in edible oil by pollen based solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-electron capture detection.

In this study, a convenient and economic method for the determination of fipronil and its three metabolites in edible oil was developed based on pollen grain solid-phase extraction (SPE). As a natural material, pollen grains exhibit well absorption capacity for some polar compounds due to their special functional structures. Their stable composition and appropriate particle size also make them suitable for SPE.