Update of inflammasome activation in microglia/macrophage in aging and aging-related disease.

Aging and aging-related CNS diseases are associated with inflammatory status. As an efficient amplifier of immune responses, inflammasome is activated and played detrimental role in aging and aging-related CNS diseases. Macrophage and microglia display robust inflammasome activation in infectious and sterile inflammation.

Correlation of gene polymorphisms of CD36 and ApoE with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease: A case-control study.

This research was aimed to explore correlation of gene polymorphisms of CD36 and ApoE with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease (AD).This study was a case-control study. Two hundred eleven AD hospitalized patients were selected as the AD group and 241 subjects were selected as the control group.

Multilayered pore-closed PLGA microsphere delivering OGP and BMP-2 in sequential release patterns for the facilitation of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation.

Bone tissue regeneration may be more effectively administrated by controlled release of multiple biofactors, given that bone healing comprises a cascade of biological events controlled by numerous cytokines and growth factors (GFs). Here, we propose a novel microcarrier with the capability to sequentially deliver dual biofactors for better controlling the bone regeneration process. First, osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) was incorporated in porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres by a simple solution dipping method and subsequent pore-closing treatment.

Baicalein improves behavioral dysfunction induced by Alzheimer's disease in rats.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by increased oxidative stress. Medicinal plants, with their antioxidant properties, have been used to cure several human diseases. The aim of the current study was to explore the protective and therapeutic effect of baicalein on AD-induced rats.

Splenectomy protects experimental rats from cerebral damage after stroke due to anti-inflammatory effects.

Background: A recent study demonstrated that the inflammatory response accompanying necrotic brain injury played an important role in stroke. Thus, inhibition of this response may help to stop the expansion of infarcts. It has been also shown that the spleen, a major peripheral immune organ, plays a role in stroke-induced immune responses.

[An evaluation of clinical characteristics and prognosis of brain-stem infarction in diabetics].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between diabetics and the onset, clinical outcomes and prognosis of brainstem infarction, and to evaluate the impact of diabetes on brainstem infarction.

Method: Compare 172 cases of acute brainstem infarction in patients with or without diabetes. Analyze the associated risk factors of patients with brain-stem infarction in diabetics by multi-variate logistic regression analysis.

[The effects of dopamine on pulmonary artery pressure in dogs with endotoxic shock].

Objective: To evaluate the values of dopamine in treating endotoxic shock by observing the changes in the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) during the treatment.

Methods: Twenty healthy dogs were randomly divided into four groups with 5 in each group. Endotoxic model was reproduced by injecting lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 1 mg/kg intravenously.

Aqua-azido-{3,3'-[o-phenyl-enebis(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]di-2-naphtholato}manganese(III).

In the title complex, [Mn(C(28)H(18)N(2)O(2))(N(3))(H(2)O)], the Mn(III) ion adopts a distorted fac-MnO(3)N(3) octa-hedral geometry arising from the O,N,N',O'-tetra-dentate Schiff base ligand, an azide ion and a water mol-ecule. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯(O,O) and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid separation = 3.5535 (13) Å] link the mol-ecules into chains.

EGFP-tagged vasopressin precursor protein sorting into large dense core vesicles and secretion from PC12 cells.

1. Hypothalamic magnocellular neurons synthesize, store, and secrete large quantities of the neuropeptides, vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT), which are synthesized as protein precursors also containing proteins called neurophysins. These protein precursors are sorted through the regulated secretory pathway (RSP), packaged into large dense core vesicles LDCVs, and their peptide products are secreted from nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary.

APeg3, a novel paternally expressed gene 3 antisense RNA transcript specifically expressed in vasopressinergic magnocellular neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus.

Vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) play critical roles in the regulation of salt and water balance, lactation, and various behaviors and are expressed at very high levels in specific magnocellular neurons (MCNs) in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS). In addition to the cell-specific expression of the VP and OT genes in these cells, there are other transcripts that are preferentially expressed in the VP or OT MCNs. One such gene, paternally expressed gene 3 (Peg3), is an imprinted gene expressed exclusively from the paternal allele that encodes a Kruppel-type zinc finger-containing protein involved in maternal behavior and is abundantly expressed in the VP-MCNs.

Identification of cell-specific messenger ribonucleic acids in oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic magnocellular neurons in rat supraoptic nucleus by single-cell differential hybridization.

Magnocellular neurons (MCNs) in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system synthesize high levels of the peptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) in separate cells. We used RT-PCR amplification of the RNA from single-cells dissected from supraoptic nuclei of lactating rats to produce cDNAs from identified OT or VP MCNs, which were used to construct OT- and VP-MCN-specific cDNA libraries. These cDNA libraries were then screened using labeled probes from the OT- and VP-cells' amplified cDNAs.