Peripheral and central pathophysiological changes in a new rat model of acid reflux combined with mental stress.

Background: Mental stress is an important risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which interacts with acid reflux and affects the efficacy of single acid suppression treatment. However, the specific mechanism remains elusive, and there is a lack of available models for further support.

Methods: This study established a new compound model combining acid reflux and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to observe potential peripheral and central pathophysiological changes.

Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene dimers and diterpenes from the aerial part of .

Phytochemical investigation on the 95% alcohol extract of the aerial part of led to the isolation of three new compounds, inulanolides F-G () and 17-carboxaldehyde-ent-kaur-18-oic acid (), together with four known compounds (). The structures of new compounds were elucidated by using spectroscopic data. Most of the isolated compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activities.

Neolinulicin A and B from Inula japonica and their anti-inflammatory activities.

A phytochemical study performed on Inula japonica led to isolation of a new 1,10-seco-sesquiterpene dimer Neolinulicin A (1) and 1,10-seco-sesquiterpene Neolinulicin B (2), together with nine known sesquiterpenes (3-11). Among them, Neolinulicin A (1), which has a new carbon skeleton, was a Diels-Alder [4 + 2] adduct of two sesquiterpene moieties. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis.