Direct membrane filtration of municipal wastewater with chemically enhanced backwash for recovery of organic matter.

Direct membrane filtration (DMF) of municipal wastewater using a microfiltration membrane was investigated to capture organic matter. In contrast to the expectation that membrane fouling cannot be controlled in DMF of domestic wastewater, it was possible to stably continue membrane filtration with relatively high membrane fluxes (∼20 LMH) for >200 h by applying chemically enhanced backwash (CEB), whereas approximately 75% of the organic matter in wastewater could be recovered. Off-line chemical membrane cleaning could completely restore membrane permeability, indicating the possibility of a much longer operation of DMF.