Comparison of two different secondary rhinoplasties in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analysis the nostril symmetry and nasal stability following secondary rhinoplasty performed with either nasal septal cartilage implantation (G1) or simple alar cartilage suspension and internal fixation (G2) in patients with unilateral secondary cleft nasal deformity.

Methods: Nostril and alar symmetry were analyzed retrospectively in 13 consecutive patients in G1 and 17 in G2. Assessment of three indexes was first performed using photogrammetric measurements of photographs at pre-operation(T1), 7 days after repair (T2), and at least 6 months after repair (T3).

Microfluidics-based automatic immunofluorescence staining for single-molecule localization microscopy.

Full automation of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is crucial for large-scale and high-throughput cellular imaging. It is well-known that SMLM typically consists of three major steps: immunofluorescence (IF) staining, optical imaging, and image processing. Currently, automation in optical imaging and image processing is almost complete; however, the automation of IF staining has been slow to advance, probably due to its complicated experimental operations.

Assessment of the efficacy and analysis of prognostic factors of flap division for postoperative airway obstruction following posterior pharyngeal flap.

Objectives: Flap division is the primary method for treating postoperative airway obstruction following pharyngeal flap surgery. However, a discussion on the treatment effectiveness and prognosis of this surgery is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effectiveness of flap division in improving airway obstruction and hyponasality after pharyngoplasty and to analyze the risk factors for postoperative complications.

Effect of symmetrical bone repair of nasal alar base on nasal deformity after unilateral cleft lip surgery.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the impacts of undertaking symmetrical bone repair of the nasal alar base combined with nasolabial deformity repair versus nasolabial deformity repair alone on the improvement in nasal deformity of patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolar cleft.

Methods: Fifty patients presenting with unilateral cleft lip and alveolar cleft were evaluated. Among them, 20 underwent nasolabial deformity repair solely (non-bone grafting group), whereas 30 patients received bone repair in conjunction with nasolabial deformity repair (bone-repair group).

Finite element analysis of maxillary orthodontic therapies with variable alveolar bone grafts under occlusal forces in patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Objective: To investigate the biomechanical effects of maxillary orthodontic treatment on different alveolar bone grafting positions loaded with occlusal forces in an unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patient.

Methods: Finite element analysis was employed to simulate clinical scenarios more accurately by loading with occlusal forces on 8 bone-grafted models during maxillary orthodontic treatment. Displacement and von Mises stress pattern during maxillary protraction, expansion, and combined protraction and expansion were analyzed.

Nanomaterial-Mediated Reprogramming of Macrophages to Inhibit Refractory Muscle Fibrosis.

Orofacial muscles are particularly prone to refractory fibrosis after injury, leading to a negative effect on the patient's quality of life and limited therapeutic options. Gaining insights into innate inflammatory response-fibrogenesis homeostasis can aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for muscle fibrosis. In this study, the crucial role of macrophages is identified in the regulation of orofacial muscle fibrogenesis after injury.

Featuring growth of the external nose among patients with congenital cleft anomalies.

Cleft lip and palate deformities are usually accompanied by abnormal external nasal morphology which seriously affects facial aesthetics and quality of life. In-depth understanding of the growth pattern of external nasal morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate is essential for deciding the optimal timing of surgical intervention and for furthering improvements in surgical technique. In this review we systematically depict the cross-sectional changes in external nose morphology during growth in the normal population and in patients with clefts, and summarise the iatrogenic impacts on growth of the cleft nose, aiming to provide a reference to further improve the management of the nose in patients with clefts.

Efficacy evaluation of a high-precision simulator of posterior pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty.

Background: To improve medical students' preclinical skills and enable them to quickly comprehend the procedure of posterior pharyngeal flap surgery, our teaching team developed a surgical simulator specifically for pharyngeal flap surgery.

Study Design: Thirteen undergraduate students and 8 first-year residents trained from March to May 2023 participated in simulated surgical training. Initially, multimedia were used to explain and demonstrate to them relevant anatomy, surgical principles, and procedural steps.

Palatal relaxing incisions versus nasopharyngeal relaxing incisions in Palatoplasty.

Background: Bone denudation after conventional relaxing incisions could be a critical factor in inhibiting maxillofacial growth. To address this, alternative relaxing incisions were designed. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of palatal relaxing incisions versus nasopharyngeal relaxing incisions in enhancing postoperative outcomes.

Tensile force impairs lip muscle regeneration under the regulation of interleukin-10.

Background: Orbicularis oris muscle, the crucial muscle in speaking, facial expression and aesthetics, is considered the driving force for optimal lip repair. Impaired muscle regeneration remains the main culprit for unsatisfactory surgical outcomes. However, there is a lack of study on how different surgical manipulations affect lip muscle regeneration, limiting efforts to seek effective interventions.

Dynamic and static nasolabial muscle anatomy of unilateral cleft lip adult patients based on magnetic resonance imaging data.

Objectives: This study aims to obtain a three-dimensional reconstruction model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of patients with different degrees of unilateral cleft lip and analyze the anatomy and changes in multiple groups of nasolabial muscles under dynamic and static conditions.

Methods: One normal person and four adult patients with unilateral cleft lip were included, and MRI was performed under static (upper and lower lips closed naturally) and dynamic (pout and grin) conditions. 3D Slicer software was used to reconstruct the model and draw the anatomic morphology of nasolabial muscles.

Patient-reported outcomes measure for patients with cleft palate.

Cleft palate presents multifaceted challenges impacting speech, hearing, appearance, and cognition, significantly affecting patients' quality of life (QoL). While surgical advancements aim to restore function and improve appearance, traditional clinical measures often fail to comprehensively capture patients' experiences. Patient-reported outcomes measure (PROMs) have emerged as crucial tools in evaluating QoL, offering insights into various aspects such as esthetic results, speech function, and social integration.

The preliminary study of the effects of individual musculoskeletally stable position in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders.

Background: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) is the dysfunction of group of muscles and bones in the joint area, the main symptoms of TMD are the pain of the chewing muscles and (or) the temporomandibular joints, mandibular movement disorders and joint noise. This study was designed to explore the therapeutic effects following Individual Musculoskeletally Stable (IMS) position stabilization splint therapy for TMD patients using Fricton index, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and surface-Electromyogram (sEMG).

Methods: In this study, we enrolled 31 TMD patients (ranging from 18 to 26 years old, including 7 males and 24 females), first Fricton index was used to evaluate the clinical curative effect of TMD with the treatment of IMS stabilization splint; then CBCT was used to observe the TMJ condylar position changes of TMD before and after the treatment of IMS stabilization splint; finally sEMG was used to observe the changes of electromyography of anterior temporalis (AT) and masseter muscles (MM) of TMD before and after the treatment of IMS stabilization splint.

[Distribution of ABO and Rh Blood Groups in Tibetan and Han Populations With Cleft Lip and Palate in a Tertiary Hospital in Western China].

Objective: Congenital cleft lip and palate is a common birth defect that seriously affects the lives of the afflicted children and their families. Previously, no research has been done to investigate the pathogenic characteristics of cleft lip and palate among ethnic minorities, for example, Tibetans, a minority ethnic group with a large population in China. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in Tibetans and Han Chinese in western China and the distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh blood groups to provide a theoretical basis for the precise prevention and treatment of cleft lip and palate.

5-year Long-term Outcome of Unilateral Cleft Rhinoplasty in Patients with Secondary Nasal Deformity: Optimal Indication of Tajima Technique.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the timing of and indications for the Tajima reverse U incision for correcting secondary unilateral cleft nasal deformities.

Methods: Non-syndromic patients with secondary cleft lip and nasal deformity who received Tajima reverse-U incision rhinoplasty were grouped by age (4-13 years, n=56;13-18 years, n=22; >18 years, n=18) and severity of deformity (mild deformity, n=7; moderate deformity=22; severity deformity=67) during 5-year follow-up. Face-Q assessment, a rating scale, and nasal symmetry measurements were employed in this study.

Cephalometric Pharyngeal Morphology in Adults with Unoperated Cleft Palate.

Objective: The aim of this study was to cephalometrically evaluate the pharyngeal morphology in adults with unoperated Submucous Cleft Palate (SMCP), adults with unoperated Overt Cleft Palate (OCP), and adults without clefts.

Design: This study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design. Lateral cephalometric radiography was performed on three groups of adults: 1) 29 with unrepaired SMCP; 2) 41 with unrepaired OCP; and 3) 39 without clefts, who served as controls.

Force Balance Reconstruction of the Orbicularis Oris in Secondary Unilateral Cleft Lip Deformity.

Background: Secondary unilateral cleft lip deformities are commonly observed in patients with cleft lip and traditional surgical methods can't completely tackle this problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a novel surgical technique using force balance reconstruction of the orbicularis oris.

Methods: 53 patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip deformity were included in this study, in which the orbicularis oris muscle was reconstructed symmetrically to achieve optimal force balance.

Identification of agricultural surface source pollution in plain river network areas based on 3D-EEMs and convolutional neural networks.

Agricultural non-point sources, as major sources of organic pollution, continue to flow into the river network area of the Jiangnan Plain, posing a serious threat to the quality of water bodies, the ecological environment, and human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can accurately identify various types of agricultural organic pollution to prevent the water ecosystems in the region from significant organic pollution. In this study, a network model called RA-GoogLeNet is proposed for accurately identifying agricultural organic pollution in the river network area of the Jiangnan Plain.

Correlating Jaw Bone Growth and Nasal Morphology Among Adult Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Cephalometric Study.

This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed adult patients with operated cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and normal control, and performed comprehensive craniofacial and nasal morphological analyses based on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient assessed intraclass correlation. Seven hundred fifty-seven operated patients with CL/P, and 165 noncleft normal controls were enrolled.

Integrative Salt Selection and Formulation Optimization: Perspectives of Disproportionation and Microenvironmental pH Modulation.

We report a novel utilization of a pH modifier as a disproportionation retardant in a tablet formulation. The drug molecule of interest has significant bioavailability challenges that require solubility enhancement. In addition to limited salt/cocrystal options, disproportionation of the potential salt(s) was identified as a substantial risk.

Surgical Management of Airway Obstruction Following Posterior Pharyngeal Flap.

Background: Posterior pharyngeal flap (PPF) is effective in managing velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) but is of airway obstruction risk. This study compared the effectiveness and complications of two PPF revision procedures and screened potential prognostic factors to postoperative hypernasality and persistent obstruction.

Methods: Patients who received flap division (FD) or port enlargement (PE) for airway obstruction following PPF were reviewed.

[Clinical Characteristics Analysis of 1051 Cases of Cleft Lip With/Without Cleft Palate in the Ethnic Tibetan Population].

Objective: To examine the characteristics of the prevalence of congenital cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the ethnic Tibetan population and to provide support for the precise prevention and treatment of cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the Tibetan population.

Methods: The clinical data of Tibetan patients with cleft lip with/without cleft palate were collected and the clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed. The patients' age ranged from 2 months to 51 years old.

Evaluation of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting for Unilateral Complete Cleft Alveolus: A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Study.

In patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP), secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) with particulate cancellous bone marrow (PCBM) is recommended. To compare bone graft outcomes in patients with unilateral CLP, when SABG is completed before or after canine tooth eruption (ACE or BCE), as measured by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Patients were allocated into two cohorts, ACE and BCE.