Occurrence and Nationwide Risk Assessment of Typical Food Processing Contaminants in Human Milk in China.

Typical environmental exposure and food processing contaminants, including acrylamide (AA) and monochloropropanediols (MCPDs), are widely present in the national Total Diet Survey. Nevertheless, the dietary exposure to and associated health risk of AA and MCPDs for breastfed infants remain unclear. Here, we assess the occurrence of AA, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), and 2-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (2-MCPD) in 3344 human milk samples collected from 24 provinces in China and further characterize their geographic distribution profiles and potential health risk to breastfed infants.

Effects of sex and season (breeding and non-breeding) on microhabitat selection in Stejneger's bamboo pitviper ().

Habitat quality and availability are crucial for the survival and reproduction of animal species. Intraspecific and seasonal differences in habitat selection reflect adaptations to changing biological requirements and environmental factors. To investigate the effects of season (breeding and non-breeding) and sex on microhabitat selection in snakes, here we employed field surveys to analyze microhabitat selection data for Stejneger's bamboo pitviper () across different sexes and seasons.

Integrated risk assessment of dietary exposure and body burden of three brominated flame retardants in childbearing-aged Chinese women and breastfeeding infants.

Based on the third Chinese National Human Milk Survey (NHMS) conducted in 2016-2019, three typical legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs), namely decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs, sum of three isomers), were measured in 100 pooled human milk samples collected from 24 provinces across China. The median concentrations of BDE-209, TBBPA and HBCDDs were 0.27, 0.

Occurrences of heavy metal in breast milk in China: Results of the third national breast milk survey.

To investigate the exposure of infants to heavy metal during lactation, breast milk from 24 provinces in China were detected. Among As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb, the detection frequencies of As (85 %, 0.50 μg/L) and Cd (91 %, 0.

Differences in Gut Microbial Composition and Characteristics Among Three Populations of the Bamboo Pitviper ().

The gut microbiota contributes to host health by facilitating nutrient uptake, digestion, energy metabolism, intestinal development, vitamin synthesis, and immunomodulation, and plays an important role in the growth and reproduction of the animal itself. Considering the paucity of research on the gut microbiota of wild snakes, this study focused on bamboo pitviper () populations from Anhui, Guizhou, and Hunan, with multiple fecal samples collected from each population (six, five, and three, respectively). Total microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples using metagenomic next-generation sequencing and differences in gut microbial composition, abundance, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were analyzed and compared among the three populations.

Comparative Analyses of and Gut Microbiota in Different Regions.

The interactions between hosts and the gut microbiota are intricate and can significantly affect the ecology and evolution of both parties. Various host traits, including taxonomy, diet, social behaviour, and external factors such as prey availability and the local environment, all play an important role in shaping composition and diversity of the gut microbiogta. In this study, we explored the impact of intestinal microorganisms on the host in adapting to their respective ecological niches in two species of snakes.

Comprehensive dietary exposure assessment of the Chinese population to organophosphate esters (OPEs): Results of the sixth China total diet study.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging pollutants, while data on their occurrence in foods and human dietary intake are limited. Based on the 6th China total diet study conducted in 2016-2019, this study implemented a comprehensive survey of OPEs in plant-derived foods of cereals, potatoes, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and further assessed dietary exposure from both plant- and animal-derived food. The sum concentrations of 15 OPEs in the plant-derived samples ranged from 0.

Screening for compounds with bioaccumulation potential in breast milk using their retention behavior in two-dimensional gas chromatography.

Discovery of emerging pollutants in breast milk will be helpful for understanding the hazards to human health. However, it is difficult to identify key compounds among thousands present in complex samples. In this study, a method for screening compounds with bioaccumulation potential was developed.

Exposure to Chloropropanols and Their Fatty Acid Esters and Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters in the Sixth Total Diet Study - China, 2016-2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Chloropropanols, along with their fatty acid esters and glycidyl fatty acid esters (GEs), are prevalent contaminants in a variety of processed foods, posing potential health risks to humans.

What Is Added By This Report?: In the Sixth China Total Diet Study (TDS), 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPD esters) and GEs were identified as the predominant chloropropanols and their esters in composite food samples. Vegetables (47.

The mother-offspring transfer of chlorothalonil through human breast milk: A multi-city cross-sectional study.

4-Hydroxychlorothalonil (4-OH CHT), the main metabolite of chlorothalonil and the most widely used fungicide, has been frequently detected in human samples during monitoring. 4-OH CHT may exhibit higher toxicity and persistence in the environment compared to its prototype. In this study, a total of 540 paired serum and breast milk samples from pregnant women in three provinces in China were monitored for contaminant residues.

Bayesian analysis of physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling for pentachlorophenol exposure in pregnant women.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a persistent organic compound that is widely present in the environment. The estimation of internal exposure levels for a given external exposure using toxicokinetic models is key to the human health risk assessment of PCP. The present study developed a physiologically based multicompartmental pharmacokinetic (PBTK) model to describe and predict the behavior of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in an organism.

Spatial ecology and microhabitat selection of the nocturnal pitviper (Squamata: Viperidae) in relation to prey.

Habitat is fundamental for facilitating various life activities in animals, for instance, snakes procure essential energy for survival and reproduction by selecting ambush microhabitats. While there has been extensive research on the selection of microhabitat for feeding in terrestrial and aquatic snakes, little is known about arboreal snakes. In the present study, we analyzed the ambush microhabitat preferences of , a widely distributed Asian pitviper in China, conducted association analysis between snake microhabitat and prey microhabitat and abundance to determine the ro5le of microhabitat selection in feeding.

Rediscovery of (Blanford, 1878) (Serpentes, Colubridae) in Xizang, China, with comments on its systematic position.

(Blanford, 1878), a rarely encountered species of Asian snake, is characterized by ambiguous systematics and biology. Based on a sole specimen of rediscovered in southeastern Xizang, China, we conduct a detailed morphological examination and description, and investigate the systematic position of this species. Morphologically, the newly collected specimen is closely aligned with specimens previously described.

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in indoor residential dust from Beijing, China: occurrence and human exposure.

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are widely used in electronic devices and emerging as an environmental pollutant, while their occurrence in indoor environments is still less studied. In this study, 32 out of 37 target LCMs were detected in indoor residential dust samples (n = 112) from Beijing, China. Concentrations of ΣLCMs ranged from 17.

Concentrations, Profiles, and Health Risks of Organic Ultraviolet Filters in Eight Food Categories Determined through the Sixth Chinese Total Diet Study.

Ultraviolet (UV) filters are emerging contaminants that have been found in high concentrations in human tissues. Food intake is generally considered to be the primary route of human exposure to contaminants. In this study, 184 composite food samples, prepared from 4268 individual samples in eight categories collected from 23 Chinese provinces for the sixth Chinese total diet study, were analyzed.

A Nationwide Survey and Risk Assessment of Ethyl Carbamate Exposure Due to Daily Intake of Alcoholic Beverages in the Chinese General Population.

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is carcinogenic, and, in China, oral intake of EC mainly occurs as a result of the consumption of alcoholic beverages. To obtain the latest EC intake and risk analysis results for the general population in China, the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA) conducted the sixth total diet study (TDS) as a platform to analyze EC contents and exposure due to the intake of alcoholic beverages. A total of 100 sites in 24 provinces were involved in the collection and preparation of alcohol mixture samples for the sixth TDS.

Molecular phylogeny reveals cryptic diversity in from China (Serpentes: Sibynophiidae).

The elucidation of species diversity and distribution is critical within the fields of evolution, genetics, and conservation. The genus contains rare snakes that have historically received little attention. In this study, we conducted comprehensive sampling and use both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers to explore species diversity within China.

A Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BF.7.14 and BA.5.2.48 - China, October-December 2022.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve, the clinical manifestations resulting from different SARS-CoV-2 variants may demonstrate significant variation.

What Is Added By This Report?: We conducted a comparative analysis of the clinical features associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BF.7.

Dietary Intake of Multiple Nutrient Elements and Associated Health Effects in the Chinese General Population from a Total Diet Study.

Nutrient elements are essential for human health. The intake of nutrient elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Mo, and Cr) in the general Chinese population was comprehensively evaluated via a recent total diet study (2016-2019), covering more than two-thirds of the total population. The contents of nutrient elements in 288 composite dietary samples were determined by ICP-MS.