Role of fibronectin type III domain in enhancing the substrate accessibility of modular GH9 endocellulase by reducing non-specific binding to lignin.

Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass effectively can lessen reliance on fossil fuels and facilitate the production of second-generation biorefinery feedstocks. The nonspecific binding of lignin to cellulases is one of the main factors affecting their enzymatic performance and hampering their efficiency in degrading lignocellulose. Processive endocellulase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B has a modular structure consisting of several carbohydrate-binding modules, a glycoside hydrolase family 9 catalytic domain, and a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain.

ELAVL1 facilitates gastric cancer progression and metastasis through TL1A mRNA stabilization.

ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) is a key RNA-binding protein involved in tumor progression and metastasis. This study identifies a previously unrecognized interaction between ELAVL1 and TL1A mRNA, elucidating its role in promoting gastric cancer (GC) progression through the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Overexpression of ELAVL1 significantly enhances the proliferation and migration of GC cells, whereas silencing ELAVL1 leads to a marked reduction in these processes.

Coordinating interleukin-2 encoding circRNA with immunomodulatory lipid nanoparticles to potentiate cancer immunotherapy.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine vital for CD8 T cell activation and proliferation, holding great potential for cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, inherent shortcomings of short half-life, activation of regulatory T (T) cells, and systemic toxicity limit its application. To tackle these, a circular RNA (cRNA)-based IL-2 therapy using immunomodulatory lipid nanoparticles [ursodeoxycholic acid lipid nanoparticles (ULNPs)] and sustained-release hydrogel was developed.

Simultaneous Determination of Six Acidic Herbicides and Metabolites in Plant Origin Matrices by QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS.

This study presents a method for the simultaneous determination of six acidic herbicides and their metabolites in various matrices, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and edible oils. The method employs acidified acetonitrile extraction combined with dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup (dSPE) using MgSO, Florisil, and Graphitized carbon black (GCB). The analysis was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative modes using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).

Multi-component screening coupled with ultrasound-assisted green extraction based on HPLC-HRMS for bio-actives analysis in saffron ( L.).

A database of 115 bio-actives from seven subclasses, including information on retention time, parent ion /, fragment m/z, and isotopic fit, was established, and an instrumental method for simultaneous analysis of these targets was optimised. An ultrasound-assisted preparation method at 50 °C for 50 min with a 1:60 solid-liquid ratio, water as the solvent was proposed for the screening of unknown components and the antioxidant analysis in saffron. The self-built database and untargeted analysis identified 32 and 103 bio-actives in saffron, respectively.

The role of oxidative stress-related genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related interstitial lung disease of unknown cause. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, is implicated in IPF pathogenesis and prognosis but needs further study. We used transcriptome sequencing data (GSE70866) and oxidative stress-related genes from GeneCards.

Signature Construction Associated with Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages Identifies IRF8 as a Novel Biomarker for Immunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is characterized by poor prognosis and limited responsiveness to immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we developed a novel gene signature associated with M1-like TAMs using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response.

Metabolic parameter of baseline 18 F-FDG PET/CT with PINK models improve the prediction of treatment outcome in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma treated with P-GEMOX chemotherapy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of baseline PET/CT parameters alone and combined with clinical features in Extranodal Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) patients treated with P-GEMOX regimen (pegaspargase, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin). A total of 97 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The relationships between baseline PETCT metabolic parameters and survival were tested using Cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the optimal cut-off value of these parameters.

Inhibitory mechanisms of lipoxygenase by garlic sulfides: "adsorption-embolism" effect of DAS and DADS and "quasi-domain-separation" effect of DATS and Allicin.

Lipoxygenase (LOX) catalyzes the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids containing 1,4-cis,cis-pentadiene, contributing to oxidative stress and food rancidity. This study examined the molecular mechanisms of LOX inhibition by four garlic sulfides: diallyl monosulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), and diallyl thiosulfinate (Allicin). We proposed the "Adsorption-Embolism" effect of DAS and DADS and the "Quasi-Domain-Separation" effect of DATS and Allicin, enhancing the bioactivity theory of natural sulfides as enzyme inhibitors based on protein modification.

High-dose methotrexate, ibrutinib, and temozolomide in the treatment of newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: a multicenter, prospective phase-II study.

Genetic alterations of chronic active B-cell receptor signaling often occur in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We conducted a phase-II trial of high-dose methotrexate plus ibrutinib and temozolomide (MIT) in the treatment of newly diagnosed PCNSL. A total of 35 patients were enrolled, with 33 patients included in the analysis.

Modeling early gastrulation in human blastoids with DNA methylation patterns of natural blastocysts.

Blastoids are a promising model for studying early human embryogenesis, but current models have limitations in post-implantation development and lack comprehensive epigenetic assessments, especially regarding genomic imprinting. These issues can lead to failures in accurately modeling early embryonic development. In this study, we developed a high-fidelity blastoid model using 4 chemicals + leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) (4CL) naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) (4CL blastoids).

Effects of dioscin from Dioscorea nipponica on TL1A/DR3 and Th9 cells in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and TL1A and its receptor DR3 play important roles in its pathogenesis. Th9 cells are involved in RA development. Dioscin from Dioscorea nipponica (DDN) has a therapeutic effect on RA, but its effect on TL1A/DR3 and Th9 cells remains unclear.

Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer.

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) significantly impacts treatment response and outcomes in colon cancer; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers by comparing MSI and microsatellite stability (MSS).

Methods: Data from the GSE39582 dataset downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune cell infiltration between MSI and MSS.

Blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes toward Full-Color Displays: Materials, Devices, and Large-Scale Fabrication.

Quantum dots (QDs) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are gaining significant interest for the next generation of display and lighting applications because of their wide color gamut, cost-effective solution processability, and good stability. The last decades have witnessed rapid advances in improving their efficiency and lifetime. So far, among the three primary colors of QLEDs devices, the performance of blue QLEDs is considerably inferior to that of green and red ones including Cd-based and Cd-free devices, which is a key bottleneck hindering QLEDs' application.

Flowing-water remediation simulation experiments of lead-contaminated soil using UCB technology.

The flowing-water remediation of contaminated soil was investigated. Urease combined with biochar (UCB) technology was used to handle the Pb-contaminated sand column. The results showed that with the continuous increase of pore volume, the concentration of Pb in the leachate undergoes three stages: slow growth, rapid growth, and steady state.

Discovery of Novel Pyrido[2,3-b]Pyrazine Human Cytomegalovirus Polymerase Inhibitors with Broad Spectrum Antiherpetic Activity and Reduced hERG Inhibition.

The development of non-nucleoside inhibitors targeting human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) polymerase presents a promising approach for enhancing therapeutic treatment for patients with sustained HCMV viremia. A series of non-nucleoside HCMV DNA polymerase inhibitors with various substitution groups at 2-postition of the novel pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine core was synthesized and investigated. The study focused on optimizing HCMV polymerase inhibition while minimizing off-target inhibition of human ether-à-go-go (hERG) ion channel.

Compartmentalized co-immobilization of cellulase and cellobiose phosphorylase within zeolitic imidazolate framework efficiently synthesizes 1-p-Glc: Glycosylation of FDG.

Enzymatic glycosylation is an efficient and biocompatible approach to enhance natural product bioavailability. Cellobiose phosphorylase, a novel glycosyltransferase, utilizes 1-phospho-glucose (1-p-Glc) as a glycosyl donor for regioselective glycosylation of various natural substrates. However, the high cost of 1-p-Glc limits the economic feasibility of the process.

Surface Structure Dependent Activation of Hydrogen over Metal Oxides during Syngas Conversion.

Despite the extensive studies on the adsorption and activation of hydrogen over metal oxides, it remains a challenge to investigate the structure-dependent activation of hydrogen and its selectivity mechanism in hydrogenation reactions. Herein we take spinel and solid solution MnGaO with a similar bulk chemical composition and study the hydrogen activation mechanism and reactivity in syngas conversion. The results show that MnGaO-Solid Solution (MnGaO-SS) is a typical Mn-doped hexagonal close-packed (HCP) GaO with a Ga-rich surface.

Modulation format identification in elastic optical networks using integrated photonic reservoir computing and untrained K-nearest neighbors algorithm.

In the next generation of Elastic Optical Networks, various modulation formats exhibit varying degrees of sensitivity to channel impairments during transmission. To adopt appropriate channel equalization schemes at the receiver, it is essential to perform modulation format identification prior to the receiver, followed by the adjustment of receiver parameters and types based on the recognition results. A system based on a 52-node integrated photonic reservoir chip and untrained K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is proposed for the recognition of OOK, PAM4, QPSK, and BPSK modulation formats in optical channel transmission.

Interface mechanism of Cd bioavailability by porewater prediction in paddy field system.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a significant threat to human health. Predicting the risk of Cd in rice grains is challenging due to the heterogeneity and complexity of bioavailable Cd in paddy soils. We proposed that porewater during the grain-filling period can effectively predict Cd bioavailability in rice (R > 0.

PKMζ, a Brain-specific PKCζ Isoform, is Required for Glycolysis and Myofibroblastic Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells.

Background & Aims: Transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 induces plasma membrane (PM) accumulation of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) required for glycolysis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and HSC activation. This study aimed to understand how Glut1 is anchored/docked onto the PM of HSCs.

Methods: HSC expression of protein kinase M zeta isoform (PKMζ) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence.

Synthetic photonic lantern characterization and power regulation with intensity superposition mode decomposition.

Photonic lanterns (PLs) enable to convert the spatial modes, making it possible to simply add/drop modes in multimode division multiplexing (MDM) systems. The parameters of PLs have a significant impact on the modal purity, signal quality, transmission distance, and efficiency. This paper proposes a method for the synthetic characterization and power regulation of PLs with multi-channel intensity superposition mode decomposition (MD).