Serological and molecular detection of in cats in Europe with evaluation of associated risk factors for pathogen contact/infection.

Objectives: is an obligate intracellular coccidian pathogen, with domestic cats and other members of the Felidae family serving as its definitive hosts. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for positive test results.

Methods: A laboratory database was screened for PCR results from faecal samples and serology results (IgM, IgG) from serum/plasma taken from cats in Europe between January 2008 and December 2022.

Performance of Large Language Models on Medical Oncology Examination Questions.

Importance: Large language models (LLMs) recently developed an unprecedented ability to answer questions. Studies of LLMs from other fields may not generalize to medical oncology, a high-stakes clinical setting requiring rapid integration of new information.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and safety of LLM answers on medical oncology examination questions.

[Effect of COVID-19 pandemics in treatment of cervical cancer: pre/post study].

Introduction: Little evidence exists on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemics on the compliance with cervical cancer treatment.

Methods: We carried out a population-based, before-and-after retrospective cohort study of all cervical cancer patients diagnosed in the Jujuy province public health sector (n=140), Argentina, between 2017 and 2020. Patients diagnosed in 2020 were considered exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=21).

Indicated Stress Prevention Addressing Adolescents with High Stress Levels Based on Principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Stress affects many adolescents and is associated with physical and mental health symptoms that can have a negative impact on normative development. However, there are very few evidence-based, specific treatment approaches. The aim of the study was to investigate an eight-session group intervention using components of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) enriched with elements of CBT (psychoeducation, problem solving) and art therapy, compared to a waitlist control (WLC) group, regarding its efficacy in reducing stress and associated symptoms.

Trade-offs between precision and fluctuations in charging finite-dimensional quantum batteries.

Within quantum thermodynamics, many tasks are modeled by processes that require work sources represented by out-of-equilibrium quantum systems, often dubbed quantum batteries, in which work can be deposited or from which work can be extracted. Here we consider quantum batteries modeled as finite-dimensional quantum systems initially in thermal equilibrium that are charged via cyclic Hamiltonian processes. We present optimal or near-optimal protocols for N identical two-level systems and individual d-level systems with equally spaced energy gaps in terms of the charging precision and work fluctuations during the charging process.

Development and Usage Patterns of a Home-Grown Drug Information Tool.

Drug information tools help avoid medication errors, a common cause of avoidable harm in health care systems. We sought to describe the design, development process and architecture of an electronic drug information tool, as well as its overall use by health professionals. We developed a tool that can be accessed by all health professionals in a tertiary level university hospital.

Interventions Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Stress Reduction in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: Recently, acceptance- and commitment therapy (ACT) gained increasing interest. Studies show good efficacy in the treatment of patients presenting with several psychologic and somatic complaints. The present systematic review and meta-analysis addresses effectiveness of ACT-based interventions to reduce stress in children, adolescents, and young adults compared to control conditions.

The utility of wearable headband electroencephalography and pulse photoplethysmography to assess cortical and physiological arousal in individuals with stress-related mental disorders.

Several stress-related mental disorders are characterised by disturbed sleep, but objective sleep biomarkers are not routinely examined in psychiatric patients. We examined the use of wearable-based sleep biomarkers in a psychiatric sample with headband electroencephalography (EEG) including pulse photoplethysmography (PPG), with an additional focus on microstructural elements as especially the shift from low to high frequencies appears relevant for several stress-related mental disorders. We analysed 371 nights of sufficient quality from 83 healthy participants and those with a confirmed stress-related mental disorder (anxiety-affective spectrum).

Investigating pH Effects on Enzymes Catalyzing Polysorbate Degradation by Activity-Based Protein Profiling.

Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities that can negatively impact the quality of biotherapeutics. Some HCPs possess enzymatic activity and can affect the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or excipients such as polysorbates (PS). PSs are a class of non-ionic surfactants commonly used as excipients in biotherapeutics to enhance the stability of APIs.

Granulomatous mastitis with erythema nodosum: A breast cancer mimicking entity.

We present the case of a 42-year-old Hispanic patient who consulted with a left breast mass that showed clinical and imaging signs of breast cancer. During preprocedural examination before needle biopsy, the patient was found to have bilateral, purplish-brown skin lesions on her lower legs, suggestive of erythema nodosum. This clinical finding raised the diagnostic suspicion of granulomatous mastitis, which was later confirmed by histopathology.

Work Extraction from Unknown Quantum Sources.

Energy extraction is a central task in thermodynamics. In quantum physics, ergotropy measures the amount of work extractable under cyclic Hamiltonian control. As its full extraction requires perfect knowledge of the initial state, however, it does not characterize the work value of unknown or untrusted quantum sources.

A Structural-Reporter Group to Determine the Core Conformation of Sialyl Lewis Mimetics.

The d-GlcAc moiety in sialyl Lewis (sLe, ) acts predominantly as a linker to position the d-Gal and the l-Fuc moieties in the bioactive spatial orientation. The hypothesis has been made that the NHAc group of GlcAc pushes the fucose underneath the galactose and, thus, contributes to the stabilization of the bioactive conformation of the core of sLe (). To test this hypothesis, GlcAc mimetics consisting of (,)-1,2-cyclohexanediols substituted with alkyl and aryl substituents adjacent to the linking position of the fucose moiety were synthesized.

Assessing the implementation fidelity of HPV self-collection offered by community health workers during home visits (the EMA strategy): a case study in a low-middle-resource setting in Argentina.

Background: In Argentina, HPV  self-collection offered by community health workers was demonstrated to be effective to improve cervical cancer screening uptake. Based on these findings, the EMA strategy was scaled up in nine Argentinian provinces. However, there is no evidence about the degree of fidelity-in relation to the core components proposed by the National Program on Cervical Cancer Prevention-with which this strategy was implemented in the new jurisdictions.

An Online Community for Patient with Psoriasis with Built-in Self-Reported Questionnaires.

This study presents an online psoriasis community developed with dermatologists in a PHR. We describe the interaction of users with this platform and the relationship between the use of self-report questionnaires, their results and users' subsequent contact with the healthcare system. Out of 2175 users that interacted with the platform, 477 visited the forums.

Using Informatics Framework in Immunosuppressed or Transplanted Patients for a Preferential Care Route at the Emergency Department.

For immunosuppressed or transplanted patients, appropriate triage is a timely topic, especially in the Emergency Department (ED) of a high-volume referral center. We implemented a new Program called Rapid Clinical Care by Internal Medicine Specialists, as a preferential care route for these patients, which combines the proposed informatics framework in the field of total quality management in the healthcare units, as an example of digital technologies that can improve processes in the clinical routine. Our study aimed to describe waiting-time and attention-time in ED and to explore the effect on patients' clinical outcomes after discharge.

Facing Your Fear in Immersive Virtual Reality: Avoidance Behavior in Specific Phobia.

Specific phobias are the most common anxiety disorder and are characterized by avoidance behavior. Avoidance behavior impacts daily function and is proposed to impair extinction learning. However, despite its prevalence, its objective assessment remains a challenge.

Cluster of human Puumala orthohantavirus infections due to indoor exposure?-An interdisciplinary outbreak investigation.

Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is the most important hantavirus species in Europe, causing the majority of human hantavirus disease cases. In central and western Europe, the occurrence of human infections is mainly driven by bank vole population dynamics influenced by beech mast. In Germany, hantavirus epidemic years are observed in 2- to 5-year intervals.

Examining Differences in Fear Learning in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Pupillometry, Startle Electromyography and Skin Conductance Responses.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, persistent thoughts and repetitive behaviors causing stress and anxiety. In the associative learning model of OCD, mechanisms of fear extinction are supposed to partly underlie symptom development, maintenance and treatment of OCD, proposing that OCD patients suffer from rigid memory associations and inhibitory learning deficits. To test these assumptions, previous studies have used skin conductance and subjective ratings as readouts in fear conditioning paradigms, finding impaired fear extinction learning, impaired fear extinction recall or no differences between individuals with OCD and healthy controls.

Pupillometry tracks cognitive load and salience network activity in a working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task.

The diameter of the human pupil tracks working memory processing and is associated with activity in the frontoparietal network. At the same time, recent neuroimaging research has linked human pupil fluctuations to activity in the salience network. In this combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)/pupillometry study, we recorded the pupil size of healthy human participants while they performed a blockwise organized working memory task (N-back) inside an MRI scanner in order to monitor the pupil fluctuations associated neural activity during working memory processing.

Inhibition of interferon I induction by non-structural protein NSs of Puumala virus and other vole-associated orthohantaviruses: phenotypic plasticity of the protein and potential functional domains.

The orthohantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV), which is transmitted by bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), and other vole-borne hantaviruses contain in their small (S) genome segment two overlapping open reading frames, coding for the nucleocapsid protein and the non-structural protein NSs, a putative type I interferon (IFN-I) antagonist. To investigate the role of NSs of PUUV and other orthohantaviruses, the expression pattern of recombinant NSs constructs and their ability to inhibit human IFN-I promoter activity were investigated. The NSs proteins of PUUV and related cricetid-borne orthohantaviruses showed strong inhibition of IFN-I promoter induction.

Structural correlates of trauma-induced hyperarousal in mice.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic disease caused by traumatic incidents. Numerous studies have revealed grey matter volume differences in affected individuals. The nature of the disease renders it difficult to distinguish between a priori versus a posteriori changes.

Exposure to night-time light pollution and risk of prolonged duration of labor: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Light pollution (LP) is a ubiquitous environmental agent that affects more than 80% of the world's population. This large nationwide cohort study evaluates whether exposure to LP can influence obstetric outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed Austrian birth registry data on 717 113 cases between 2008 and 2016 and excluded cases involving day-time delivery, <23 + 0 gestational weeks, and/or birthweight <500 g, induction of labor, elective cesarean, or cases with missing data.

Exploratory drive, fear, and anxiety are dissociable and independent components in foraging mice.

Anxiety-like behavior of rodents is frequently accompanied by reduced exploration. Here, we identify dissociable components of anxiety, fear, and exploratory drive of sated and foraging mice. With the help of behavioral assays, including the open field task, elevated plus maze, dark-light transition task, and beetle mania task, we demonstrate a general increase in exploration by food restriction.