Urease and human glioblastoma (U87) cells growth inhibitory iridoid glycoside acetates from Linn.

The present study was undertaken on the chemical constituents of ethanol extract of aerial parts of Linn., and their determination of growth inhibitory activity against glioblastoma multiforme cell line (U87) and urease inhibitory activity. Six constituents were isolated including two new arbortristoside F tetraacetate () and arbortristoside G heptaacetate () and four known arborside A tetraacetate (), arborside C pentaacetate (), 6,7-di--acetyl-6-hydroxyloganin hexaacetate () and nyctanthoside heptaacetate () iridoid glycoside acetates.

Urease and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Effect of Xanthones from Aspergillus nidulans, an Endophytic Fungus of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis.

Urease plays a major role in the pathogenesis of peptic and gastric ulcer and also causes acute pyelonephritis and development of infection-induced reactive arthritis. Carbonic anhydrases (CA) cause pathological disorders such as epilepsy (CA I), glaucoma, gastritis, renal, pancreatic carcinomas, and malignant brain tumors (CA II). Although various synthetic urease and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are known, these have many side effects.

Lawsozaheer, a new chromone produced by an endophytic fungus isolated from Lam. inhibits the growth of .

One new chromone, lawsozaheer (), and five known compounds 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenol (), viriditoxin (), stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (), -sitosterol () and stigmasterol () were isolated from the fungal broth of . Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data. The configuration of was determined by Horeau's method.

A natural flavonoid lawsonaringenin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells by targeting multiple signalling pathways.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in the world having a high mortality rate. Flavonoids possess many biological activities including anti-cancer activity. lawsonaringenin (LSG) is a flavonoid isolated from leaves of Lawsonia alba Lam.

Triterpenoids from the aerial parts of Lantana camara.

Two new pentacyclic triterpenoids lancamarinic acid and lancamarinin have been obtained from the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn. They were characterized as 22β-acetoxy-3,25-epoxy-3α-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and methyl 3,25-epoxy-3α-hydroxy-11-oxo-22β-senecioyloxyolean-12-en-28-oate, respectively, through chemical transformation and exhaustive spectroscopic studies.

In vitro growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of Euphorbia caducifolia against four human cancer cell lines and its phytochemical characterisation.

Several Euphorbia species have been used in folklore as cancer remedies, however, scientific studies on the cytotoxicity (in vitro studies) of Euphorbia caducifolia are lacking. In present study, anticancer potential of E. caducifolia aerial parts ethanol extract and its fractions were evaluated against human lung (NCI-H460), breast (MCF-7), prostate (PC-3) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines, using sulphorhodamine-B in vitro cytotoxicity (in vitro studies) assay.

The Prokinetic, Laxative, and Antidiarrheal Effects of Morus nigra: Possible Muscarinic, Ca(2+) Channel Blocking, and Antimuscarinic Mechanisms.

Morus nigra Linn. (black mulberry) is used in gastrointestinal ailments. This study demonstrates gut modulatory properties of M.

Antinociceptive, antioxidant and phytochemical studies of Pakistani medicinal plants.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the selected Pakistani medicinal plants (Chenopodium botrys, Micromeria biflora and Teucrium stocksianum) in-vivo followed by their antioxidant potential against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) in-vitro. The results demonstrated profound antinociceptive effect of both the crude methanolic extract of Chenopodium botrys (CBM) and subsequent aqueous fraction (CBW) of C. botrys with 80.

Nematicidal triterpenoids from Lantana camara.

A new triterpene, lancamarolide (1), and seven known triterpenes, oleanonic acid (2), lantadene A (3), 11α-hydroxy-3-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid (4), betulinic acid (5), lantadene B (6), and lantaninilic acid (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara in the course of bioassay-guided isolation, and their nematicidal activities against Meloidogyne incognita, the root knot nematode, were carried out. Oleanonic acid was found to be the most active compound and exhibited 80% mortality after 72 h at 0.0625% concentration, which is comparable with that of the standard furadan.

Structure activity relationship of bergenin, p-hydroxybenzoyl bergenin, 11-O-galloylbergenin as potent antioxidant and urease inhibitor isolated from Bergenia ligulata.

Ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Bergenia ligulata was subjected to solvent-solvent separation followed by various chromatographic techniques that lead to isolation of bergenine (1), p-hydroxybenzoyl bergenin (2), 11-O-galloylbergenin (3) and methyl gallate (4) as major constituents. Ethyl acetate fraction showed a dose-dependent urease inhibitory pattern with IC50 value of 54μg/mL. Structures of compounds 1 and 3 were established by XRD and 2, 4 by NMR.

Leishmanicidal Triterpenes from Lantana camara.

Two new natural triterpenes, lantaninilic acid and lantoic acid, along with the known triterpenes lantadene A, and oleanolic, ursolic, betulinic, lantanolic, and camaric acid, were obtained from the aerial parts of Lantana camara through bioassay-guided isolation, monitoring the in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania major. Oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), lantadene A (5), and lantanilic acid (7) showed significant leishmanicidal activities with IC50 values of 53.0, 12.

NMR study of O and N, O-substituted 8-quinolinol derivatives.

The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectral study of several biologically active derivatives of 8-quinolinol have been made through extensive NMR studies including homodecoupling and 2D-NMR experiments such as COSY-45°, NOESY, and HeteroCOSY. Electron donating resonance and electron withdrawing inductive effect of several groups showed marked changes in chemical shifts of nuclei at the seventh positions of O-substituted quinolinols (2-15). Although in N-alkyl, 8-alkoxyquinolinium halides (16-21), ring A rightly showed low frequency chemical shift values.

Bioassay-guided isolation of urease and α-chymotrypsin inhibitory constituents from the stems of Lawsonia alba Lam. (Henna).

Seven constituents were isolated from the stems of Lawsonia alba Lam., following an activity-guided isolation, which include two new constituents, namely lawsorosemarinol (1) and lawsofructose (2), one known compound 2-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-1, 4-naphthoquinone (3) and four compounds, 4-hydroxy coumarine (4), 3-(4-hyroxyphenyl)-triacontyl-(Z)-propenoate (5), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-triacontyl-(Z)-propenoate (6) and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (7) first time isolated from Lawsonia alba. Their structure elucidation was based on spectroscopic data analyses.

Grewialin and optivanin new constituents from the stem bark of Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret (Tiliaceae).

Studies on the chemical constituents from the stem bark of Grewia optiva have led to the isolation of two new compounds, grewialin (1) and optivanin (2), along with three known constituents which were hitherto unreported from this species. The structures of the new constituents have been elucidated by spectral studies including 1D and 2D NMR experiments (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY and J-resolved) as well as HR EI-MS spectroscopic data analysis, as 2S*-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3R*-methyl-2H-[1,4]-dioxin [2,3]-chromen-7(3H)-one (1); a coumarinolignan and 3-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (2). The known compounds were identified as β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and lupeol by comparing their spectral data with those reported in the literature.

Ethnic uses, pharmacological and phytochemical profile of genus Grewia.

A number of species of genus Grewia have been used as medicinal agents to treat several diseases. This review based on 45 literary sources discusses the current knowledge of traditional uses, chemistry, biological effects, and toxicity of different species of this genus. Triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, flavones, lignans, phenolics, alkaloids, lactones, anthocyanins, flavones, and organic acids have been isolated from various species of this genus.

Flavonoid and cardenolide glycosides and a pentacyclic triterpene from the leaves of Nerium oleander and evaluation of cytotoxicity.

A pentacyclic triterpene, oleanderocioic acid, two flavonoidal glycosides, quercetin-5-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol-5-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and a cardenolide, oleandigoside, together with 11 known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of Nerium oleander. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The growth inhibitory and cytotoxic activities of eight compounds were evaluated against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line using a sulforhodamine B assay.

Antimycobacterial and antioxidant activities of reserpine and its derivatives.

In view of the attributed medicinal properties of reserpine, a number of acyl reserpine derivatives were prepared and tested for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H(37)Rv and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that in the case of antimycobacterial activity, 10 out of 18 derivatives caused more inhibition than that caused by reserpine itself. The results of antioxidant activity revealed that acylation in benzene ring of reserpine decreases the percentage inhibition of DPPH in all the derivatives compared to the parent compound.

A new 28-noroleanane triterpenoid from the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn.

A new 28-norolean-12,17-diene triterpene lantigdienone (1) oxidised at C-11 and C-22 has been isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara, along with two known compounds, camarinin (2) and camangeloyl acid (3). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated as 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-[beta,betadimethylacryloyloxy]-11-oxo-28-norolean-12,17-diene, with the help of spectral studies.

An efficient, mild and solvent-free synthesis of benzene ring acylated harmalines.

A facile synthesis of a series of benzene ring acylated analogues of harmaline has been achieved by Friedel-Crafts acylation under solvent-free conditions at room temperature using acyl halides/acid anhydrides and AlCl3. The reaction afforded 10- and 12-acyl analogues of harmaline in good yield, along with minor quantities of N-acyl-tryptamines and 8-acyl analogues of N-acyltryptamines.

Variation of major limonoids in Azadirachta indica fruits at different ripening stages and toxicity against Aedes aegypti.

The azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin, deacetylnimbin, azadiradione and epoxyazadiradione contents were determined by HPLC in the fractions prepared from the kernel of neem fruits (Azadirachta indica) collected at different ripening stages. The fully mature fruit (yellow fruits) kernels contained the highest concentration of azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin, whereas the concentration of azadiradione (NC) and epoxyazadiradione (NL) was high in the unripe green berries. The toxicity of the fractions (KEA-1 to KEA-5) obtained from the kernels collected at successive intervals, as well as of the pure limonoids referred to above was evaluated against 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L.

GC-based analysis of insecticidal constituents of the flowers of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

The present article describes the analysis of an n-hexane soluble fraction of fresh flowers of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem), possessing larvicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi Liston, a vector of malarial parasite. Forty-one compounds were identified in non-polar to less-polar fraction as well as in essential oil.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids from the aerial parts of Lantana camara and their nematicidal activity.

Two new olean-12-ene triterpenoids, camarolic acid (1) and lantrigloylic acid (2), have been isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara, along with ten known triterpenes, namely, camaric acid, lantanolic acid, lantanilic acid, pomolic acid, camarinic acid, lantoic acid, camarin, lantacin, camarinin, and ursolic acid. The new compounds have been characterized as 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-{[(S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-[(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxy]olea-9(11),12-dien-28-oic acid (2) through spectroscopic studies and a chemical transformation. Seven of the constituents, namely pomolic acid, lantanolic acid, lantoic acid, camarin, lantacin, camarinin, and ursolic acid, were tested for nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

Two new pentacyclic triterpenoids from Lantana camara LINN.

Two new pentacyclic triterpenoids, namely lantanoic acid (1) and camaranoic acid (2), and six known compounds such as lantic acid, camarinic acid, camangeloyl acid, camarinin, oleanonic acid, and ursonic acid were isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara LINN. Structures of the new constituents were elucidated by chemical transformation and spectral studies including 1D ((1)H- and (13)C-NMR) and 2D ((1)H-(1)H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), (1)H-(1)H total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), J-resolved, (1)H-detected heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC)) NMR spectroscopy.

Effect of cream containing Melia azedarach flowers on skin diseases in children.

A herbal cream containing a methanolic HPLC-standardized extract of Melia azedarach flowers has been prepared and found potent against bacterial skin diseases like cellulitis, pustules, pyogenic infections, etc. in children. The results obtained are comparable to those with neomycin.

Chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Kalidium foliatum.

Studies on the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Kalidium foliatum have led to the isolation of three new and one known compounds. The structures of new constituents have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2D-NMR experiments (HMQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY and J-resolved) and MS/MS fragmentation using Q-TOF mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source as kalidiumoside C (=3beta-hydroxy-29-methylmalonoxy-olean-12-en-23,28-dioic acid-23-methyl-28-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester; 1), kalidiunin (=3beta,23,29-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-methyl-oate; 2) and kalidiumoside D (=3beta,23,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester; 3). The known compound was identified as 3beta,23,29-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 4) through comparison of its spectral data with those reported in literature.