Semirational engineering of polyphosphate kinase for developing a cost-effective, robust, and efficient adenosine 5'-triphosphate regeneration system.

The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) regeneration system can significantly reduce the cost of many biocatalytic processes. Numerous studies have endeavored to utilize the ATP regeneration system based on PPK (PPK). However, the wild-type PPK enzyme possesses limitations such as low enzymatic activity, poor stability, and limited substrate tolerance, impeding its application in catalytic reactions.