High incidence of multi-drug resistance and heterogeneity of mobile genetic elements in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased ducks in Sichuan province of China.

Harmonious ecological environment is a major concern with rising feeding and consumption of ducks, as these waterfowl birds can promote the spread of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). Therefore, this study was conducted to know diversity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), integrons, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from intestinal contents or pericardial effusion of diseased ducks from 2018 to 2020 in Sichuan, China.

Modulation of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation events by dCas9-mediated CRISPRpas.

The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is revolutionizing genomic engineering. The high efficiency and selectivity of the system have inspired the development of various derived tools for gene regulation at different levels, such as transcriptional activation or inhibition, epigenetic modification, splicing, and base editing. Cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) is an essential 3' end maturation step for almost all eukaryotic mRNAs.

Multifaceted Roles of ICP22/ORF63 Proteins in the Life Cycle of Human Herpesviruses.

Herpesviruses are extremely successful parasites that have evolved over millions of years to develop a variety of mechanisms to coexist with their hosts and to maintain host-to-host transmission and lifelong infection by regulating their life cycles. The life cycle of herpesviruses consists of two phases: lytic infection and latent infection. During lytic infection, active replication and the production of numerous progeny virions occur.

Application of MALDI-TOF analysis to reveal diversity and dynamics of winemaking yeast species in wild-fermented, organically produced, New Zealand Pinot Noir wine.

Rapid yeast identification is of particular importance in monitoring wine fermentation and assessing strain application in winemaking. We used MALDI-TOF MS analysis supported by 26 S rRNA gene sequence analysis and Saccharomyces-specific PCR testing to differentiate reference and field strains recovered from organic wine production facilities in Waipara, New Zealand, in which Pinot Noir wine was produced by spontaneous fermentations in the vineyard and in the winery. Strains were isolated from each of four key stages of each ferment to evaluate changes in taxonomic diversity.

The immunogenic reaction and bone defect repair function of ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL)-coated nanoscale PCL/HA scaffold in rabbit calvarial bone defect.

Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for bone tissue defect reconstruction. Immunogenic reaction, which was induced by scaffolds degradation or contaminating microorganism, influence cellular activity, compromise the efficiency of tissue engineering, or eventually lead to the failure of regeneration. Inhibiting excessive immune response through modulating scaffold is critical important to promote tissue regeneration.

Distribution and association of antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits in Escherichia coli isolates from healthy waterfowls in Hainan, China.

There are rising concerns about microbes harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) in humans and food-producing animals. Moreover, ARGs are considered as emerging environmental pollutants, posing probable life-threatening complications in humans and animals. Commensal Escherichia coli (E.

Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 Induces eIF2α Phosphorylation-Dependent Cellular Translation Shutoff PERK/GCN2.

Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is one of the most deadly pathogens that endanger the duck industry. Most viruses usually turn off host translation after infection to facilitate viral replication and translation. For the first time report to our knowledge, DHAV-1 can induce eIF2α phosphorylation and inhibit cellular translation in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs).

The intracellular domain of duck plague virus glycoprotein E affects UL11 protein incorporation into viral particles.

Studies have shown that proteins in the tegument (located between the viral capsid and envelope layer) play critical roles in the assembly and budding of herpesviruses. The UL11 protein of herpesviruses is important in the process of virus particle cell entry, release, assembly and secondary envelopment. Herpesvirus glycoprotein E (gE) is involved in syncytia formation, transmission between cells and nerve invasion.

Pharmacology, Toxicity, Bioavailability, and Formulation of Magnolol: An Update.

Magnolol (MG) is one of the primary active components of cortex, which has been widely used in traditional Chinese and Japanese herbal medicine and possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities. In recent years, attention has been drawn to this component due to its potential as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor drug. To summarize the new biological and pharmacological data on MG, we screened the literature from January 2011 to October 2020.

SC75741 antagonizes vesicular stomatitis virus, duck Tembusu virus, and duck plague virus infection in duck cells through promoting innate immune responses.

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) and duck plague virus (DPV) are typical DNA and RNA viruses of waterfowl, causing drastic economic losses to the duck farm industry in terms of high mortality and decreased egg production. These 2 viruses reappear from time to time because the available vaccines fail to provide complete immunity and no clinical antiviral drugs are available for them. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of SC75741 for DTMUV, DPV, and the model virus, vesicular stomatitis virus infection in duck cells.

Natural Transformation of and Its Determinants.

In a previous study, it was shown that , a member of , is naturally competent. However, whether natural competence is universal in remains unknown. In this study, it was shown for the first time that was naturally competent in the laboratory condition; however, was not naturally competent under the same conditions.

DPV UL41 gene encoding protein induces host shutoff activity and affects viral replication.

The virion host shutoff (VHS) protein, encoded by the UL41 gene of herpes simplex virus (HSV), specifically degrades mRNA and induces host shutoff. VHS and its homologs are highly conserved in the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. However, the role of the duck plague virus (DPV) UL41 gene is unclear.

Corrigendum: Autophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Duck Tembusu Virus Infection .

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The Roles of Envelope Glycoprotein M in the Life Cycle of Some Alphaherpesviruses.

The envelope glycoprotein M (gM), a surface virion component conserved among alphaherpesviruses, is a multiple-transmembrane domain-containing glycoprotein with a complex N-linked oligosaccharide. The gM mediates a diverse range of functions during the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize the biological features of gM, including its characterization and function in some specicial alphaherpesviruses.

Biodiversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts associated with spontaneous fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Shangri-La wine region, China.

Shangri-La is a wine region that has the highest altitude vineyards in China. This is the first study investigated the biodiversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts associated with spontaneous fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon wines produced from two sub-regions (Lancang River and Jinsha River) of Shangri-La. The culturable yeasts were preliminarily classified based on their colonial morphology on the Wallerstein Laboratory nutrient agar plates.

A CRISPR RNA-binding protein screen reveals regulators of RUNX1 isoform generation.

The proper balance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation is critical for normal hematopoiesis and is disrupted in hematologic malignancy. Among regulators of HSC fate, transcription factors have a well-defined central role, and mutations promote malignant transformation. More recently, studies have illuminated the importance of posttranscriptional regulation by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in hematopoiesis and leukemia development.

Insights Into the Significance of the Chinense Loess Plateau for Preserving Biodiversity From the Phylogeography of (Euphorbiaceae).

The significance of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) in maintaining biodiversity for northern China has rarely been shown, as previous phylogeographic studies are mostly woody species and they have revealed that Quaternary refugia are mainly located in mountain regions. We selected a drought-enduring endemic herb, (Euphorbiaceae), to determine its glacial refugia and postglacial demographic history. To this end, we sampled 423 individuals from 38 populations covering its entire geographic distribution.

Identification and genotyping of a new subtype of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 isolated from cattle with diarrhea.

In 2019, diarrhea cases occurred on cattle farms in Qionglai and Guang'an, Sichuan Province. Two out of 20 (10%) serum and nasal swab samples were positive when tested using a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen-capture ELISA kit. Two non-cytopathic strains of BVDV were isolated and named QL1903 and GA190608, respectively.

The Important Contribution of Non- Yeasts to the Aroma Complexity of Wine: A Review.

Non- yeast plays an important role in the initial stages of a wild ferment, as they are found in higher abundance in the vineyard than . As such, there has been a focus in recent years to isolate these yeast species and characterize their effect on wine fermentation and subsequent aroma. This effect on wine aroma is often species and strain dependent, as the enzymatic profile of each yeast will determine which aroma compounds are formed as secondary metabolites.

Duck hepatitis A virus 1 has lymphoid tissue tropism altering the organic immune responses of mature ducks.

Duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) is a highly prevalent pathogen within adult ducks causing acute as well as chronic hepatitis which closely emulates the progression of human hepatitis. However, the underlying mechanisms of DHAV-1 persistence and the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease are not well defined. The association between hematopoietic reservoirs of virus and persistent infection is increasingly concerning.

Two nuclear localization signals regulate intracellular localization of the duck enteritis virus UL13 protein.

Duck enteritis virus (DEV) multifunctional tegument protein UL13 is predicted to be a conserved herpesvirus protein kinase; however, little is known about its subcellular localization signal. In this study, through transfection of 2 predicted nuclear signals of DEV UL13 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein, 2 bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLS) were identified. We found that ivermectin blocked the NLS-mediated nuclear import of DEV UL13, showing that the nuclear localization signal of DEV UL13 is a classical importin α- and β-dependent process.