Biomarkers.

Background: Existing biomarkers including cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis are relatively invasive and expensive. Application of exhaled breath collection and volatile organic compound (VOC) detection for AD diagnosis remains unclear.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-ToF-MS) was used to detect VOCs from breath in three datasets and patients diagnosed as Parkinson's disease (PD).

Biomarkers.

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) exhibits clinical phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. However, reports on the clinical phenotypic characteristics and the frequency of genetic mutations in large-sample Chinese populations with FTD are lacking. Furthermore, the FTD diagnostic performance of plasma neurodegenerative biomarkers remains unclear.

Biomarkers.

Background: An objective and effective screening tool for cognitive impairment (CI) is needed in the Chinese population. However, whether the integration of brain resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and neurodegenerative plasma biomarkers can distinguish CI from cognitively normal (CN) individuals remains unclear.

Method: A total of 1077 participants from a longitudinal Liuyang community cohort were enrolled.

Biomarkers.

Background: Aging exhibits significant variation among individuals, with biological age as a more reliable predictor of current health status compared to chronological age. Predicting biological age is crucial for facilitating timely interventions aimed at improving the adaptation to the aging process. Given the intricate and multifactorial nature of aging, a scientific approach involves constructing a prediction model for biological age that incorporates multiple dimensions systematically.

Disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease: Clinical trial progress and opportunity.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved lecanemab and donanemab for the treatment of early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) after their phase III trials reached endpoints.

Rapid detection of IDH mutations in gliomas by intraoperative mass spectrometry.

The development and performance of two mass spectrometry (MS) workflows for the intraoperative diagnosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in glioma is implemented by independent teams at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai. The infiltrative nature of gliomas makes rapid diagnosis necessary to guide the extent of surgical resection of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The combination of tissue biopsy and MS analysis used here satisfies this requirement.

Seasonal migration pattern of an important rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), on Hainan Island, China.

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) (BPH), is a major, regionally migratory pest of rice in Asia. Despite intensive migratory studies, the seasonal migratory pattern of this species in the year-round breeding region (i.e.

Integrated analysis of gut metabolome, microbiome, and brain function reveal the role of gut-brain axis in longevity.

The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in modulating longevity remains undetermined. Here, we performed a multiomics analysis of gut metagenomics, gut metabolomics, and brain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a cohort of 164 participants, including 83 nonagenarians (NAs) and 81 non-nonagenarians (NNAs) matched with their spouses and offspring. We found that 438 metabolites were significantly different between the two groups; among them, neuroactive compounds and anti-inflammatory substances were enriched in NAs.

Specific serum autoantibodies predict the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease with high accuracy.

Autoimmunity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether autoantibodies in peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for AD has been elusive. Serum samples were obtained from 1,686 participants, including 767 with AD, 146 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 255 with other neurodegenerative diseases, and 518 healthy controls.

A detection model of cognitive impairment via the integrated gait and eye movement analysis from a large Chinese community cohort.

Introduction: Whether the integration of eye-tracking, gait, and corresponding dual-task analysis can distinguish cognitive impairment (CI) patients from controls remains unclear.

Methods: One thousand four hundred eighty-one participants, including 724 CI and 757 controls, were enrolled in this study. Eye movement and gait, combined with dual-task patterns, were measured.

The prevalence and risk factors study of cognitive impairment: Analysis of the elderly population of Han nationality in Hunan province, China.

Objective: A large number of studies have found that the prevalence of cognitive impairment varies in different regions. However, data on cognitive impairment in the Chinese population is still lacking. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in a region of China and explore the associated risk factors.

Clinical features of progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a clinically heterogenous atypical parkinsonian syndrome. Therefore, early recognition and correct diagnosis of PSP is challenging but essential. This study aims to characterize the clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and longitudinal MRI changes of PSP in China.

Simulation Methods for MEMS S&A Devices for 2D Fuze Overload Loading.

An experimental testing system for the two-dimensional (2D) fuze overload loading process was designed to address the loading issues of recoil overload and centrifugal overload in fuze safety and arming (S&A) device. By incorporating centrifuge rotation energy storage, impact acceleration simulation, and equivalent centrifugal rotation simulation, a block equipped with a fuze S&A device accelerated instantly upon having impact from a centrifuge-driven impact hammer, simulating recoil overload loading. The impact hammer was retracted instantaneously by adopting an electromagnetic brake, which resulted in the centrifugal rotation of the block around its track, to simulate the centrifugal overload loading.

Toxicity assessment of a novel biopesticide guvermectin and identification of its transformation products in soils.

Guvermectin is a novel biopesticide often used as seed soaking to promote the rice yield. However, its biotoxicity and degradation behavior in soils were still not disclosed, which posed a knowledge gap to guide its rational application. Therefore, the degradation behaviors of guvermectin in four typical soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated in the laboratory.

Characteristics of autonomic dysfunction in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the features of autonomic dysfunction (AutD) in a large cohort of patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID).

Methods: A total of 122 patients with NIID and 122 controls were enrolled. All participants completed the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic Questionnaire (SCOPA-AUT) and genetic screening for GGC expanded repeats within the gene.

Mendelian randomization analyses of smoking and Alzheimer's disease in Chinese and Japanese populations.

Background: Previous epidemiological studies have reported controversial results on the relationship between smoking and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, we sought to assess the association using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with smoking quantity (cigarettes per day, CPD) from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Japanese population as instrumental variables, then we performed two-sample MR analysis to investigate the association between smoking and AD in a Chinese cohort (1,000 AD cases and 500 controls) and a Japanese cohort (3,962 AD cases and 4,074 controls), respectively.

Brain-derived extracellular vesicles promote bone-fat imbalance in Alzheimer's disease.

Inadequate osteogenesis and excessive adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are key factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a higher incidence of osteoporosis than healthy adults, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from adult AD or wild-type mice can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the distal bone tissue, while only AD brain-derived EVs (AD-B-EVs) significantly promote the shift of the BMSC differentiation fate from osteogenesis to adipogenesis and induce a bone-fat imbalance.

ALS-plus related clinical and genetic study from China.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. An increasing number of researchers have found extra motor features in ALS, which are also called ALS-plus syndromes. Besides, a great majority of ALS patients also have cognitive impairment.

A detection model for cognitive dysfunction based on volatile organic compounds from a large Chinese community cohort.

Introduction: We explored whether volatile organic compound (VOC) detection can serve as a screening tool to distinguish cognitive dysfunction (CD) from cognitively normal (CN) individuals.

Methods: The cognitive function of 1467 participants was assessed and their VOCs were detected. Six machine learning algorithms were conducted and the performance was determined.

Correlation between retinal structure and brain multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The retina imaging and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can both reflect early changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may serve as potential biomarker for early diagnosis, but their correlation and the internal mechanism of retinal structural changes remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the possible correlation between retinal structure and visual pathway, brain structure, intrinsic activity changes in AD patients, as well as to build a classification model to identify AD patients.

Methods: In the study, 49 AD patients and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled.

Photodegradation of the Novel Herbicide Pyraquinate in Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Photoproducts, Mechanisms, and Toxicity Assessment.

Pyraquinate, a newly developed 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase class herbicide, has shown excellent control of resistant weeds in paddy fields. However, its environmental degradation products and corresponding ecotoxicological risks after field application remain ambiguous. In this study, we systematically investigate the photolytic behaviors of pyraquinate in aqueous solutions and in response to xenon lamp irradiation.