Performance of the galactomannan test for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis using non-invasive proximal airway samples.

Objective: To diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), galactomannan (GM) detection in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is widely used. However, the utility of proximal airway GM test (from induced sputum or tracheal aspirate) has not been well elucidated.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of proximal airway GM in diagnosis of IPA including COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).

Prevalence of pre-existing lung diseases and their association with income level among patients with lung cancer: a nationwide population-based case-control study in South Korea.

Background: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of pre-existing lung diseases in patients with lung cancer compared to people without lung cancer and examine the association between income levels and pre-existing lung diseases.

Methods: Data on patients with lung cancer (case) and the general population without lung cancer (non-cancer controls) matched by age, sex and region were obtained from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database (n=51 586). Insurance premiums were divided into quintiles and medicaid patients.

Prediction Models for Mediastinal Metastasis and Its Detection by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Potentially Operable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Study.

Background: Prediction models for mediastinal metastasis and its detection by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) have not been developed using a prospective cohort of potentially operable patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Research Question: Can mediastinal metastasis and its detection by EBUS-TBNA be predicted with prediction models in NSCLC?

Study Design And Methods: For the prospective development cohort, 589 potentially operable patients with NSCLC were evaluated (July 2016-June 2019) from five Korean teaching hospitals. Mediastinal staging was performed using EBUS-TBNA (with or without the transesophageal approach).

Long-term Survival According to N Stage Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the main procedure for mediastinal staging. However, long-term survival analyses according to clinical nodal stage diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA (eN stage) have not been reported. The value of EBUS-TBNA has not been assessed through an analysis of survival in false-negative EBUS-TBNA cases.

Increased Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Aspergillosis in Patients with Bronchiectasis.

There are insufficient data regarding the relationship between non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and incident aspergillosis. We performed a population-based, matched cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance database between 2003 and 2013. The incidence of aspergillosis was 50/100,000 person-years in the bronchiectasis cohort and 11/100,000 person-years in the matched cohort (subdistribution hazard ratio, 4.

Incidence of bronchiectasis concerning tuberculosis epidemiology and other ecological factors: A Korean National Cohort Study.

https://bit.ly/32UA8xH.

Lung cancer staging: State of the art in the era of ablative therapies and surgical segmentectomy.

Implementation of lung cancer screening and improvements in imaging are expected to increase the proportion of lung cancer diagnosed at an early stage. The standard of care has historically been anatomic lobectomy; however, there is now an array of surgical and non-surgical approaches for management of local disease either in active use or under investigation. By their nature, these new modalities offer a theoretical trade-off of reduced morbidity in exchange for reduced efficacy in the setting of advanced disease.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is Associated with Elevated Risk of Lung cancer in Korea: The Nationwide Cohort Study.

Although previous studies suggest that previous pulmonary tuberculosis was associated with increased risk of lung cancer. It remains controversial whether pulmonary tuberculosis is a risk factor for lung cancer. Our study was aimed to examine the association between pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer risk in Korean.

Views on Precision Medicine among Health Professionals in Korea: A Mixed Methods Study.

This study aimed to investigate awareness, attitudes, and perspectives on precision medicine among health professionals in Korea and to identify issues that need to be addressed before implementing precision medicine. Mixed methods research was applied. For qualitative research, a semi-structured focus group interview was conducted with six health professionals.

Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for Re-biopsy in Previously Treated Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is widely used for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. However, evidence of its usefulness for re-biopsy in treated lung cancer, especially according to the previous treatment, is limited. We evaluated the role of EBUS-TBNA for re-biopsy and its diagnostic values in patients with different treatment histories.

Effect of Antihypertensive Medications on Sepsis-Related Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objectives: Although the effect of antihypertensive agents on sepsis has been studied, evidence for survival benefit was limited in the literature. We investigated differences in sepsis-related outcomes depending on the antihypertensive drugs given prior to sepsis in patients with hypertension.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

WITHDRAWN:The Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for Re-biopsy in Previously Treated Lung Cancer.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.

Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT in Female Never Smokers: Retrospective Cohort Study with Long-term National Data Follow-up.

Purpose: Because of growing concerns about lung cancer in female never smokers, chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is often performed although it has never shown clinical benefits. We examinewhether or not female never smokers really need annual LDCT screening when the initial LDCT showed negative findings.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 4,365 female never smokers aged 40 to 79 years who performed initial LDCT from Aug 2002 to Dec 2007.

Prognostic Differences in Subgroups of Patients With Surgically Resected T3 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: This study determined the characteristics and prognosis of each descriptor of T3 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 3,241 patients underwent an operation for NSCLC between 2001 and 2013, and this study included 461 patients who received complete anatomic resection of T3 NSCLC. The T3 descriptors were coded as follows: tumor invading main bronchus within 2 cm of the carina (T3-cent), tumor invading beyond visceral pleura (T3-inv), tumor larger than 7 cm (T3-size), separate tumor nodules (T3-sep), or tumor with combined T3 descriptors (T3-comb).

Comparison of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations between Metastatic Lymph Node Diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA and Primary Tumor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Although the use of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is increasing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) testing in lung cancer, the discordance rate in EGFR mutations between lymph node (LN) samples obtained by EBUS-TBNA and primary tumor (PT) is not well known. Thus, we compared the EGFR mutation status of LN samples obtained by EBUS-TBNA and PTs to estimate the efficacy of using EBUS-TBNA specimens for EGFR testing in advanced, non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: Using data of patients from the EBUS-TBNA database (N = 1914) obtained between January 2009 and January 2013, we identified 100 treatment-naïve, advanced, non-squamous NSCLC patients (stage 3 and 4) with matched LN specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA and PT specimens.

A phase II study of nintedanib in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Nintedanib is an oral triple angiokinase inhibitor. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Patients And Methods: Pts with an ECOG PS from 0 to 2 who exhibited progression after one or two prior chemotherapy or chemo/radiotherapy were enrolled.

Guideline for the acquisition and preparation of conventional and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration specimens for the diagnosis and molecular testing of patients with known or suspected lung cancer.

Rationale: Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-TBNA are widely accepted tools for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer and the initial procedure of choice for staging. Obtaining adequate specimens is key to provide a specific histologic and molecular diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objectives: To develop practice guidelines on the acquisition and preparation of conventional TBNA and EBUS-TBNA specimens for the diagnosis and molecular testing of (suspected) lung cancer.

Technical aspects of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is becoming a standard method for invasive mediastinal staging and for the diagnosis of paratracheal and peribronchial lesions. It is essential to understand the technical aspects of EBUS-TBNA to ensure safe and efficient procedures. In this review, we discuss the practical aspects to be considered during EBUS-TBNA, including anesthesia, manipulation of equipment, understanding mediastinal ultrasound images, target selection, number of aspirations needed per target, sample handling, and complications.

EBUS-centred versus EUS-centred mediastinal staging in lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The impact of procedure sequence and primary procedure has not been studied in the combined application of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in lung cancer staging.

Methods: In a randomised controlled trial, 160 patients with histologically confirmed or strongly suspected potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled (Group A, n=80, EBUS-centred; Group B, n=80, EUS-centred). EBUS-TBNA and EUS-FNA with an ultrasound bronchoscope were used as the first procedures in Groups A and B, respectively, and secondary procedures (EUS-FNA in Group A, EBUS-TBNA in Group B) were added.

Respiratory review of 2012: bronchoscopic innovations and advances.

Recent advances in bronchoscopy have led to changes in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics in pulmonary medicine. In diagnostic bronchoscopy, there have also been new developments in endobronchial ultrasound technology which may be incorporated into clinical practice in the near future. Functional bronchoscopy, which evaluates information such as airway pressure, airflow, or gas exchange, suggests promising clinical advances in the near future.

Transbronchial and transesophageal fine-needle aspiration using an ultrasound bronchoscope in mediastinal staging of potentially operable lung cancer.

Objective: We performed this study to evaluate the role of transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) following endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the mediastinal staging of lung cancer.

Methods: In this prospective study, we applied transbronchial and transesophageal ultrasonography using an ultrasound bronchoscope on patients with confirmed or strongly suspected potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer. Following EBUS-TBNA, EUS-B-FNA was used for mediastinal nodes that were inaccessible or difficult to access by EBUS-TBNA.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Purpose: We performed this study to evaluate the role of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the pathologic diagnosis of lung cancer including lung masses as well as lymph nodes as targets.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 126 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA to diagnose radiologically suspected lung cancer. The patients had masses or lymph nodes that were highly suspicious for malignancy and accessible by EBUS-TBNA.