Monomeric and Dimeric Oxidomolybdenum(V and VI) Complexes, Cytotoxicity, and DNA Interaction Studies: Molybdenum Assisted C═N Bond Cleavage of Salophen Ligands.

Four novel dimeric bis-μ-imido bridged metal-metal bonded oxidomolybdenum(V) complexes [MoOL'] (1-4) (where L' are rearranged ligands formed in situ from HL) and a new mononuclear dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex [MoOL] (5) synthesized from salen type NO ligands are reported. This rare series of imido-bridged complexes (1-4) have been furnished from rearranged HL' ligands, containing an aromatic diimine (o-phenylenediamine) "linker", where Mo assisted hydrolysis followed by -C═N bond cleavage of one of the arms of the ligand HL took place. A monomeric molybdenum(V) intermediate species [MoO(HL')(OEt)] (I) was generated in situ.

Chronic maternal calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in Wistar rats programs abnormal hepatic gene expression leading to hepatic steatosis in female offspring.

Importance of calcium and vitamin D deficiency is well established in adult dyslipidemia. We hypothesized that maternal calcium and vitamin D deficiency could alter offspring's lipid metabolism. Our objective was to investigate the effect of maternal dietary calcium and vitamin D deficiency on lipid metabolism and liver function of the F1 generation offspring.

Elucidation of hypoglycemic action and toxicity studies of insulin-like protein from Costus igneus.

We have reported earlier, an orally active insulin-like protein (ILP) from Costus igneus having potent hypoglycemic property in STZ-induced diabetic Swiss mice. The blood glucose level was reduced significantly within two hours after feeding ILP orally in an oral glucose tolerance test. The present study elucidates the mechanism underlying the hypoglycemic action of ILP.

Thiosemicarbazone modification of 3-acetyl coumarin inhibits Aβ peptide aggregation and protect against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity.

Aggregation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is an important event in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, among the available therapeutic approaches to fight with disease, inhibition of Aβ aggregation is widely studied and one of the promising approach for the development of treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Thiosemicarbazone compounds are known for their variety of biological activities.

Highly stable hexacoordinated nonoxidovanadium(IV) complexes of sterically constrained ligands: syntheses, structure, and study of antiproliferative and insulin mimetic activity.

Three highly stable, hexacoordinated nonoxidovanadium(IV), V(IV)(L)2, complexes (1-3) have been isolated and structurally characterized with tridentate aroylhydrazonates containing ONO donor atoms. All the complexes are stable in the open air in the solid state as well as in solution, a phenomenon rarely observed in nonoxidovanadium(IV) complexes. The complexes have good solubility in organic solvents, permitting electrochemical and various spectroscopic investigations.

Orally active hypoglycemic protein from Costus igneus N. E. Br.: an in vitro and in vivo study.

Plants have been used for the treatment of diabetes since time immemorial. In the present study, insulin-like protein (ILP) is purified from Costus igneus belonging to family Costaceae from Western ghats of India. The ILP showed cross reactivity with murine anti-insulin antibodies hence was purified by affinity chromatography using anti-insulin antibodies.

Beneficial effect of flax seeds in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice: isolation of active fraction having islet regenerative and glucosidase inhibitory properties.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Present study highlights the antidiabetogenic property of Linum usitassimum active fraction (LU6) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Swiss mice. Treatment with LU6 fraction showed improved glucose utilization with increase in liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity and normal glycogenesis in hepatic and muscle tissues.

Islet protective and insulin secretion property of Murraya koenigii and Ocimum tenuflorum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

The present study investigates the antidiabetogenic effects of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. and Ocimum tenuflorum L.

Seeds of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: potential for islet regeneration in experimental diabetes.

Objective: The present study deals with the islet-regenerative potential of purified fraction of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds (SC2) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in Swiss mice by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (120 mg/kg).

Antidiabetic Activity of Gnidia glauca and Dioscorea bulbifera: Potent Amylase and Glucosidase Inhibitors.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting about 220 million people worldwide. One of the most critical complications of diabetes is post-prandial hyper-glycemia (PPHG). Glucosidase inhibitor and α-amylase inhibitors are class of compounds that help in managing PPHG.

Bis(maltolato)vanadium(III)-polypyridyl complexes: synthesis, characterization, DNA cleavage, and insulin mimetic activity.

Four vanadium(III) complexes of the general formula [V(maltol)(2)(N-N)]ClO(4), where N-N is 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) (1); 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (2); dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq) (3), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) (4), have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-visible, NMR spectroscopies, and electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). The complexes exhibit the typical (1)H NMR spectra for paramagnetic V(III) species. The structures of complexes 1, 2, and 3 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Antidiabetic Properties of Azardiracta indica and Bougainvillea spectabilis: In Vivo Studies in Murine Diabetes Model.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by an increase in the blood glucose level. Treatment of diabetes is complicated due to multifactorial nature of the disease. Azadirachta indica Adr.

Antidiabetic Indian plants: a good source of potent amylase inhibitors.

Diabetes is known as a multifactorial disease. The treatment of diabetes (Type II) is complicated due to the inherent patho-physiological factors related to this disease. One of the complications of diabetes is post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPHG).

B cells activated by lipopolysaccharide, but not by anti-Ig and anti-CD40 antibody, induce anergy in CD8+ T cells: role of TGF-beta 1.

B cells recognize Ag through their surface IgRs and present it in the context of MHC class II molecules to CD4(+) T cells. Recent evidence indicates that B cells also present exogenous Ags in the context of MHC class I to CD8(+) T cells and thus may play an important role in the modulation of CTL responses. However, in this regard, conflicting reports are available.

CD40 signaling is impaired in L. major-infected macrophages and is rescued by a p38MAPK activator establishing a host-protective memory T cell response.

Leishmania, a protozoan parasite, lives and multiplies as amastigote within macrophages. It is proposed that the macrophage expressed CD40 interacts with CD40 ligand on T cells to induce IFN-gamma, a Th1-type cytokine that restricts the amastigote growth. Here, we demonstrate that CD40 cross-linking early after infection resulted in inducible nitric oxide synthetase type-2 (iNOS2) induction and iNOS2-dependent amastigote elimination.

The Th1-specific costimulatory molecule, m150, is a posttranslational isoform of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1.

In an earlier report, we had shown a 150-kDa protein termed as M150, isolated from the surface of activated macrophages, to possess costimulatory activity for CD4(+) T cells. Significantly, this protein was found to specifically elicit Th1 responses. In this study, we characterize M150, which belongs to a unique subset of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 glycoprotein.