Protective effects of cyclosporine A on neurodegeneration and motor impairment in rotenone-induced experimental models of Parkinson's disease.

The development of neuroprotective drugs targeting mitochondria could be an important strategy in combating the progressive clinical course of Parkinson's disease. In the current study, we demonstrated that in SH-SY5Y cells (human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell line), rotenone caused a dose-dependent (0.25-1 μM) and time-dependent (up to 48 h) loss of cell viability and a loss of cellular ATP content with mitochondrial membrane depolarization and an increased formation of reactive oxygen species; all these processes were markedly prevented by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker cyclosporine A, which did not affect complex I inhibition by rotenone.

Vitamin D with Calcium Supplementation Managing Glycemic Control with HbA1c and Improve Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes.

Objectives:: This study evaluates the effect of vitamin D with calcium supplementation on glycemic control and quality of life (QoL) in patients with diabetes.

Materials And Methods:: A prospective, observational, open-label randomized, controlled study was conducted on 150 type-2 patients with diabetes. A total number of patients were divided into three groups (n= 50 in each group) i.

Effectiveness of Empagliflozin With Vitamin D Supplementation in Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Background: Neuropathy is the most prevalent broad-spectrum microvascular complication of diabetes. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin with vitamin D supplementation on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted for six months including 150 type 2 diabetic patients, divided into three groups (n=50/group): Group 1, patients on oral hypoglycemic agents; Group 2, patients on empagliflozin and Group 3, patients on empagliflozin with vitamin D.

Alpha-Synuclein as a Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease: Good, but Not Good Enough.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly, presenting primarily with symptoms of motor impairment. The disease is diagnosed most commonly by clinical examination with a great degree of accuracy in specialized centers. However, in some cases, non-classical presentations occur when it may be difficult to distinguish the disease from other types of degenerative or non-degenerative movement disorders with overlapping symptoms.

Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and NADPH Oxidase: Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

NADPH oxidase as an important source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) has gained enormous importance over the years, and the detailed structures of all the isoenzymes of the NADPH oxidase family and their regulation have been well explored. The enzyme has been implicated in a variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. The present brief review examines the body of evidence that links NADPH oxidase with the genesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Of Cross-immunity, Herd Immunity and Country-specific Plans: Experiences from COVID-19 in India.

India has witnessed a high number of COVID-19 cases, but mortality has been quite low, and most cases have been asymptomatic or mild. In early April, we had hypothesized a low COVID-19 mortality in India, based on the concept of cross-immunity. The presence of cross-immunity is presumed to lead to a milder course of disease and allow the time necessary for the development of adaptive immunity by the body to eliminate the virus.

COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity?

The ongoing Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed global political responses of unimaginable proportions. Many nations have implemented lockdowns that involve mandating citizens not to leave their residences for non-essential work. The Indian government has taken appropriate and commendable steps to curtail the community spread of COVID-19.

Association of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Beta Thalassaemia Trait- A Case Report.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune aetiology. It has a predilection for female gender and presence of photosensitive rash over the sun exposed area gives a clue to the diagnosis. Diagnosis in a male patient with atypical manifestations is unusual and difficult.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in hypertensive rural population of Haryana, India.

Background: Essential hypertension is a complex genetic disorder influenced by diverse environmental factors. Of the various physiological pathways affecting the homeostasis of blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is known to play a critical role. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is a significant component of RAS and an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in its gene has been implicated in predisposition to hypertension.