Predictors of an informative or actionable cytological diagnosis on repeat breast aspiration after an insufficient aspirate: a multicentre retrospective review.

Unlabelled: An insufficient/inadequate diagnosis on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast is not an uncommon diagnostic dilemma. This study aims to review the rate and clinical features predicting an informative or actionable diagnosis on repeating breast aspiration after an insufficient aspirate.

Methods: Unsatisfactory/insufficient/inadequate or equivalent breast aspirates were retrieved from the involved institutions, and those with a repeat aspiration performed within 365 days were included.

Clinical heterogeneity and prognostic factors of anti-synthetase syndrome: a multi-centred retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS) patients have heterogeneous clinical manifestations with different initial presentations, complications and outcomes. This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and complications in patients with ASyS, and to identify factors that were associated with the survival of ASyS patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre longitudinal study.

Focal cerebral arteriopathy-inflammatory type in a child - MR diagnosis using vessel wall imaging technique with review of classification and diagnostic evaluation criteria.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in childhood is defined by a stroke occurring after 28 days of life to 18 years of age. This presents a distinct clinical challenge in terms of both diagnosis and treatment. The overlapping clinical presentations of acute ischemic stroke and its mimics such as migraine with aura, seizure with Todd paresis and encephalitis renders early accurate diagnosis of this time-sensitive condition difficult, with a change in the final diagnosis in up to 40% of patients.

High prevalence of sacroiliitis and early structural changes in the sacroiliac joint in children with enthesitis-related arthritis: findings from a tertiary centre in Hong Kong.

Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a wide, unexplained disparity in the prevalence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) subtypes depending on geographical location, ethnicity and other factors. Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is more prevalent in Southeast Asia. Axial involvement in ERA patients is increasingly recognised to occur early in the disease course.

WT1 as a myoepithelial marker: a comparative study of breast, cutaneous, and salivary gland lesions.

WT1 immunostain is expressed in various benign and malignant neoplasms, as well as normal myoepithelial cells. WT1 shows differential expression in non-neoplastic, benign, and malignant neoplastic myoepithelial cells of the salivary gland. In this study, WT1 immunostain and other myoepithelial markers were compared to investigate the value of WT1 as a myoepithelial marker, and to delineate the expression profile of WT1 in nonsalivary gland myoepithelial cells.

Anatomical site and size of sentinel lymph node metastasis predicted additional axillary tumour burden and breast cancer survival.

Aims: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the current standard assessment for tumour burden in axillary lymph node (ALN). However, not all SLN+ patients have ALN metastasis. The prognostic implication of SLN features is not clear.

Magnetic resonance imaging of disorders with white matter changes in children and adolescents: a pictorial essay.

White matter changes are seen in a spectrum of disorders in children and adolescents. Understanding their distribution and appearance helps to reach diagnoses in daily radiologic practice. This pictorial essay will outline the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of diseases with white matter changes including demyelinating diseases, dysmyelinating disorders/leukodystrophies, infections, autoimmune diseases, vascular causes, mitochondrial disorders and neurocutaneous syndromes, along with a brief overview of clinical aspects of the diseases such as typical age of presentation, etiology, symptoms and signs and treatment options.

Tubular Adenomas of the Breast Are Cytologically Distinct from Fibroadenomas.

Introduction: Increasing molecular evidence indicates that tubular adenoma of the breast is distinct from fibroepithelial lesions, leading to its reclassification as an epithelial tumor in the 5th World Health Organization classification of tumors of the breast. However, tubular adenoma remains poorly characterized on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and often not distinguished from fibroadenomas. In this study, the largest cohort, to date, of histologically confirmed aspirates of tubular adenomas were reviewed and compared with aspirates of fibroadenomas.

GaSb-based laser diodes grown on MOCVD GaAs-on-Si templates.

We report GaSb-based laser diodes (LDs) grown on on-axis (001) Si substrates and emitting at 2.3 µm. Two series of LDs were studied and compared.

The Clinical Significance of Neuroendocrine Features in Invasive Breast Carcinomas.

The latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification categorized invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs) with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiations into neuroendocrine neoplasms (including well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor [NET] and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma [NEC]) and IBC no special type with NE features (IBC-NST-NE). However, little is documented of the clinical significance of this classification; also the precise thresholds and choices of NE markers were variable. In the current study, a large cohort of patients with IBC with NE differentiation were morphologically classified based on the WHO criteria and the clinical relevance of expression of different NE markers (synaptophysin [SYN], chromogranin [CG], and CD56) was evaluated.

Treat to target and prevention of subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis-which target should we choose?

Objective: PsA patients who achieved sustained minimal disease activity (sMDA) had less subclinical atherosclerosis progression. The vascular effects of achieving other potential treatment targets, including the PsA Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) and the Disease Activity in PsA (DAPSA) score, remained uncertain. This study aimed to compare the vascular effects of achieving different treatment targets in PsA patients.

Effect of Achieving Minimal Disease Activity on the Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Arterial Stiffness: A Prospective Cohort Study in Psoriatic Arthritis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of achieving minimal disease activity (MDA) on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods: A total of 101 consecutive patients with PsA were recruited for this prospective cohort study. All patients received protocolized treatment targeting MDA for a period of 2 years.

Case 237: Renal Cell Carcinoma with Osseous Metaplasia.

History A 47-year-old man presented with palpitations and decreased exercise tolerance. A peripheral blood smear revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and blast cells, and a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was made. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for cluster of differentiation (or CD) markers, which have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of extramedullary leukemic involvement.

Predictors of the success and failure of emergency pelvic artery embolisation for primary postpartum haemorrhage: a 12-year review.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify predictors of the outcome and clinical efficacy of emergency pelvic artery embolisation (PAE) for primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and to assess the post-embolisation fertility of PAE patients in a regional hospital setting.

Methods: A 12-year retrospective study of patients undergoing emergency PAE was conducted at a regional acute general hospital. Clinical and procedural parameters, clinical outcomes and post-embolisation pregnancy success rates were analysed.

Scrotal wall metastasis as the first manifestation of primary gastric adenocarcinoma.

Metastases to the scrotal wall are very rare, and being the initial manifestation of occult primary tumours is even rarer. We report on a patient presenting with painless scrotal swelling, attributed to a solid extra-testicular mass found on ultrasonography. Subsequent investigations and surgical exploration revealed it to be a scrotal wall metastasis from an occult gastric primary.

Validation of the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO-31) in Chinese.

QUALEFFO-31 is a recently developed disease-specific instrument derived from QUALEFFO-41 and intended to have improved efficacy and response rates. We aimed to validate QUALEFFO-31 in Chinese and examine the use of QUALEFFO-31 in clinical practice. This questionnaire was translated into Chinese and applied to 118 case-control pairs aged between 50 and 85 years with prevalent osteoporotic vertebral fractures to evaluate its validity, repeatability, and discriminatory ability.

T-1213C polymorphism of estrogen receptor beta is associated with low bone mineral density and osteoporotic fractures.

Osteoporosis is a complex disease with a strong genetic component, but the genes involved are poorly defined. To determine whether estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene is an osteoporosis risk gene, we examined its association with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Using a gene-based approach, a set of 12 polymorphisms of ESR2 was studied in 752 case-control pairs of southern Chinese in ethnicity.