Nesfatin-1 expression and blood plasma concentration in female dogs suffering from cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra and its possible interaction with phoenixin-14.

Background: Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide that regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and may play a role in uterus function. It is co-expressed with other peptides, such as phoenixin, which can influence sex hormone secretion. Our previous research has confirmed that phoenixin-14 is involved in the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra in dogs.

Cytotoxicity of allyl isothiocyanate on insulin-producing INS-1E cells.

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is the pungent ingredient of brassica species, used as a food additive and flavoring agent, including condiments such as wasabi, horseradish, and mustard. Currently, there is much evidence that AITC modulates glucose and lipids metabolism. Interestingly, AITC has been shown to improve glycaemia, and insulin action along with the induction of a deepened decline in blood insulin levels in T2DM rats.

Expression and localization of the neuropeptide phoenixin-14 and its receptor GRP173 in the canine reproductive organs and periovarian adipose tissue.

Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) is a regulatory neuropeptide encoded by the SMIM20 gene, which has been implicated in the reproductive cycle by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Recently, we showed that PNX-14 is downregulated in bitches with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of Smim20, PNX-14, and its putative receptor GRP173 in the canine ovary (both healthy and those with ovarian cysts), periovarian adipose tissue (PAT) and in the endometrium during the oestrous cycle.

The Effects of Neuropeptide B on Proliferation and Differentiation of Porcine White Preadipocytes into Mature Adipocytes.

Neuropeptide B (NPB) affects energy homeostasis and metabolism by binding and activating NPBWR1 and NPBWR2 in humans and pigs. Recently, we reported that NPB promotes the adipogenesis of rat white and brown preadipocytes as well as 3T3-L1 cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of NPB on the proliferation and differentiation of white porcine preadipocytes into mature adipocytes.

The role of phoenixin in the proliferation and migration of ectopic epithelial cells in vitro.

Aim: Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologic diseases in women of reproductive age. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is still not fully understood. Phoenixin (PNX-14) is a newly discovered neuropeptide that regulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and reproductive functions.

Levels of spexin and its receptors GALR2 and GALR3 in the hypothalamus and ovary of letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats.

Spexin (SPX) is a newly identified neuropeptide, a natural ligand for the galanin receptors (GALR) 2/3, which is involved in maintaining physiological functions including female reproduction. One of the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive system is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however the role of SPX in PCOS is still unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of mRNA and peptide levels of SPX and its receptors GALR2/3 in the hypothalamus and ovary (by real time PCR and Western blot) as well as plasma levels of SPX (ELISA) in letrozole - induced PCOS rats.

Canine cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra may downregulate neuropeptide phoenixin and GPR173 receptor expression.

The most common uterine diseases affecting bitches are cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra. The neuropeptide phoenixin (PNX) and its receptor (GPR173) are potential key factors involved in the proliferative and inflammatory regulation of the reproductive system in females. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PNX and GPR173 by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assays in the endometrium of bitches suffering from CEH or pyometra compared to clinically healthy females.

Designing a Co-creation System for the Development of Work-process-related Learning Material in Manufacturing.

The increasing digitalization and automatization in the manufacturing industry as well as the need to learn on the job has reinforced the need for much more granular learning, which has not yet impacted the design of learning materials. In this regard, granular learning concepts require situated learning materials to support self-directed learning in the workplace in a targeted manner. Co-creation approaches offer promising opportunities to support employees in the independent design of such situated learning materials.

Phoenixin as a New Target in the Development of Strategies for Endometriosis Diagnosis and Treatment.

Small integral membrane protein 20/phoenixin (SMIM20/PNX) and its receptor GPR173 (G Protein-Coupled Receptor 173) play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG). The aim of the study was to determine PNX, FSH, LH, and 17β-estradiol association in women with endometriosis, and the expression of SMIM20/PNX signaling via GPR173. Serum PNX, FSH, LH, and 17β-estradiol concentrations were measured by enzyme and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

The Role of Neuropeptide B and Its Receptors in Controlling Appetite, Metabolism, and Energy Homeostasis.

Neuropeptide B (NPB) is a peptide hormone that was initially described in 2002. In humans, the biological effects of NPB depend on the activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, NPBWR1 (GPR7) and NPBWR2 (GPR8), and, in rodents, NPBWR1. NPB and its receptors are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues.

The Role of Peptide Hormones Discovered in the 21st Century in the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Functions.

Peptide hormones play a prominent role in controlling energy homeostasis and metabolism. They have been implicated in controlling appetite, the function of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, energy expenditure, and reproduction. Furthermore, there is growing evidence indicating that peptide hormones and their receptors contribute to energy homeostasis regulation by interacting with white and brown adipose tissue.

Phoenixin: More than Reproductive Peptide.

Phoenixin (PNX) neuropeptide is a cleaved product of the Smim20 protein. Its most common isoforms are the 14- and 20-amino acid peptides. The biological functions of PNX are mediated via the activation of the GPR173 receptor.

Adropin suppresses insulin expression and secretion in INS-1E cells and rat pancreatic islets.

Adropin is a peptide hormone which is produced in brain and peripheral tissues such as liver. It was found that adropin modulates lipid and glucose homeostasis by interacting with hepatocytes and myocytes. Adropin enhances insulin sensitivity and alleviates hyperinsulinemia in animal models with high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance.

Levels of the neuropeptide phoenixin-14 and its receptor GRP173 in the hypothalamus, ovary and periovarian adipose tissue in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Phoenixin (PNX) is a newly discovered peptide produced by proteolytic cleavage of a small integral membrane protein 20 (Smim20), which acts as an important regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction. Since dysfunction of reproduction is characteristic in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the role of PNX in pathogenesis of PCOS needs further investigation. The objective of this study was to determine expression of Smim20, PNX-14 and its receptor GRP173 in the hypothalamus, ovary and periovarian adipose tissue (PAT) of letrozole induced PCOS rats.

Adropin as A Fat-Burning Hormone with Multiple Functions-Review of a Decade of Research.

Adropin is a unique hormone encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated () gene. Adropin is produced in the liver and brain, and also in peripheral tissues such as in the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, adropin is present in the circulatory system.

Phoenixin-14 stimulates proliferation and insulin secretion in insulin producing INS-1E cells.

Phoenixin (PNX) is a recently discovered neuropeptide which modulates appetite, pain sensation and neurons of the reproductive system in the central nervous system. PNX is also detectable in the circulation and in peripheral tissues. Recent data suggested that PNX blood levels positively correlate with body weight as well as nutritional status suggesting a potential role of this peptide in controlling energy homeostasis.

Effects of adropin on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and rat primary preadipocytes.

Adropin is a protein encoded by Energy Homeostasis Associated (Enho) gene which is expressed mainly in the liver and brain. There is evidence that biological effects of adropin are mediated via GPR19 activation. Animal studies showed that adropin modulates adiposity as well as lipid and glucose homeostasis.

Neuropeptide B stimulates insulin secretion and expression but not proliferation in rat insulin‑producing INS‑1E cells.

Neuropeptide B (NPB) regulates food intake, body weight and energy homeostasis by interacting with NPBW1/NPBW2 in humans and NPBW1 in rodents. NPB and NPBW1 are widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues including pancreatic islets. Although previous studies have demonstrated a prominent role for NPB and NPBW1 in controlling glucose and energy homeostasis, it remains unknown as to whether NPB modulates pancreatic β‑cell functions.

Local anaesthetics upregulate nitric oxide generation in cord blood and adult human neutrophils.

Nitric oxide (NO) generation by systemic neonatal neutrophils is not clarified. It is also not known whether local anaesthetics (LAs) transferred to the fetal systemic circulation following maternal epidural blockade may affect this process. In the present study, NO generation was evaluated in neutrophils from cord blood (CB, n = 11) and adult blood (n = 10) following exposure to bupivacaine (0.

Phoenixin-14 stimulates differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via cAMP/Epac-dependent mechanism.

Phoenixin-14 (PNX) is a newly discovered peptide produced by proteolytic cleavage of the small integral membrane protein 20 (Smim20). Previous studies showed that PNX is involved in controlling reproduction, pain, anxiety and memory. Furthermore, in humans, PNX positively correlates with BMI suggesting a potential role of PNX in controlling fat accumulation in obesity.

The role of orexin in controlling the activity of the adipo-pancreatic axis.

Orexin A and B are two neuropeptides, which regulate a variety of physiological functions by interacting with central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Biological effects of orexins are mediated through two G-protein-coupled receptors (OXR1 and OXR2). In addition to their strong influence on the sleep-wake cycle, there is growing evidence that orexins regulate body weight, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.

Chronic orexin-A (hypocretin-1) treatment of type 2 diabetic rats improves glucose control and beta-cell functions.

Orexin regulates food intake and energy expenditure. Here, we test the ability of orexin-A (OXA, hypocretin-1) at improving metabolic control in type 2 diabetic animals and elaborate potential mechanisms of action. Rats with experimentally induced type 2 diabetes by a combination of streptozotocin injection and high-fat diet feeding were chronically infused with OXA.

TRPV4 regulates insulin mRNA expression and INS-1E cell death via ERK1/2 and NO-dependent mechanisms.

TRPV4 is a Ca-permeable, nonselective cation channel. Recently, TRPV4 was implicated in controlling peripheral insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells. Here, we characterize the role and potential mechanisms of TRPV4 in regulating insulin mRNA expression and cell death in insulin producing INS-1E cells and rat pancreatic islets.