The effect of local anaesthetics on apoptosis and NETosis of human neutrophils in vitro: comparison between lidocaine and ropivacaine.

There are immunological consequences to the method by which neutrophils undergo cell death. Neutrophil apoptosis, called silent death, leads to the resolution of inflammation, while NETosis deepens and prolongs the inflammatory response and is associated with a worse prognosis of severe infections, e.g.

Effect of acute isooxic hypercapnia on oxidative activity of systemic neutrophils in endotoxemic rabbits.

Introduction: Whether carbon dioxide (CO) affects systemic oxidative phenomena under conditions of endotoxemia is not sufficiently clarified. The study aimed to assess the impact of moderate acute hypercapnia on the respiratory burst of circulating neutrophils in mechanically ventilated endotoxemic rabbits.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four endotoxemic rabbits were mechanically ventilated with standard or CO-enriched gas mixture in order to obtain isooxic hypercapnia.

Population analysis to assess the influence of age and body weight on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in New Zealand White rabbits.

The purpose of this work was i) to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) model of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in New Zealand White rabbits, ii) to investigate the influence of the age and weight of the animals on the model parameters, and iii) to assess the linearity of DEX PKs in the examined dose range. This was a prospective, crossover study, using a total of 18 New Zealand White rabbits. DEX was administered as a single intravenous bolus injection in the doses from 25 to 300 μg kg .

Viability and intracellular nitric oxide generation in the umbilical cord blood CD34CD133 and CD34CD133 cell populations exposed to local anaesthetics.

Local anesthetics (LAs) are capable of influencing cell viability in systemic immunity and may also modify metabolism of those present in umbilical cord blood (UCB) following obstetric neuraxial analgesia and anaesthesia. Data regarding UCB immature cells, important for the neonate and critical for putative UCB transplantations, are lacking. LAs are capable of stimulating intracellular nitric oxide (NO) in human neutrophils; no information is available concerning newly perpetuated cells and its potential association with viability.

Local anaesthetics upregulate nitric oxide generation in cord blood and adult human neutrophils.

Nitric oxide (NO) generation by systemic neonatal neutrophils is not clarified. It is also not known whether local anaesthetics (LAs) transferred to the fetal systemic circulation following maternal epidural blockade may affect this process. In the present study, NO generation was evaluated in neutrophils from cord blood (CB, n = 11) and adult blood (n = 10) following exposure to bupivacaine (0.

Effects of local anesthetics on the respiratory burst of cord blood neutrophils in vitro.

Background: Whether local anesthetics exert anti-inflammatory effects in fetal and newborn systemic neutrophils is unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on the respiratory burst of cord blood neutrophils in vitro compared with adult cells.

Methods: Whole cord blood (n = 12) and control adult blood samples (n = 7) were incubated with bupivacaine (0.

Effects of Low-Dose Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia on Morphine Pharmacokinetics in an Animal Model.

Objective: Systemic inflammation may change the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of opioids. However, there are insufficient data on morphine pharmacokinetics in mild inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of morphine during low-dose endotoxemia in rabbits.

The influence of the time of day on midazolam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in rabbits.

Background: This study evaluates the time-of-day effect on midazolam and 1-OH midazolam pharmacokinetics, and on the sedative pharmacodynamic response in rabbits. Also, circadian fluctuations in rabbits' vital signs, such as the blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature were examined. The water intake was measured in order to confirm the presence of the animals' diurnal activity.

Normoergic NO-dependent changes, triggered by a SAR inducer in potato, create more potent defense responses to Phytophthora infestans.

In our experimental approach we examined how potato leaves exposed to a chemical agent might induce nitric oxide (NO) dependent biochemical modifications for future mobilization of an effective resistance to Phytophthora infestans. After potato leaf treatment with one of the following SAR inducers, i.e.

Intermittent subcutaneous morphine regimen for postoperative pain management following abdominal hysterectomy regarding morphine- and beta-endorphin systemic concentrations.

Objectives: Systemic β-endorphin, an endogenous opioid and stress hormone, has been demonstrated to correlate with the postoperative pain intensity, however its putative role as a postoperative pain biomarker has not been cleared.

Methods: Thirty patients scheduled for elective hysterectomy were included into the study. Postoperative pain was assessed by a numeric rating scale from 0 to 10.

The influence of bupivacaine on the whole blood chemiluminescence in laboring women--a preliminary report.

Objective: Local anesthetics are able to inhibit inflammatory phenomena. The influence of bupivacaine broadly applied in obstetrical anesthesia on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a matter of controversy. The study was aimed at elucidation of the influence of racemic bupivacaine on the opsonized zymosan (OZ) stimulated-peripheral blood chemiluminescence (CL) in laboring women, reflecting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated with phagocytosis.

Nitric oxide-mediated stress imprint in potato as an effect of exposure to a priming agent.

We investigated how potato exposed to a chemical agent could activate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent events facilitating more potent defense responses to a subsequent pathogen attack. Obtained data revealed that all applied inducers, i.e.

[Smoking cigarettes and other dependencies in pregnancy].

It is estimated that about 1/4 of mothers-to-be misuse psychoactive substances, and smoking cigarettes is most prevalent. Medical problems of addicted pregnant women involve direct toxicological influences or abstain effects of substances misused, but are also due to consequences of their chronic use, superimposed by infection, poor nutrition and psychiatric problems. Psychoactive substances have also a negative impact on pregnancy, the fetus, and the neonate.

[Smoking cessation as regards anesthesia and surgery].

Smoking cessation in the perioperative period allows a substantial reduction of a number of anesthetic and surgical complications. They primarily include pathology and adverse reactions of respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems and also alterations in wound and bone healing. There is no doubt that long-term (several months) tobacco abstinence reduces the complication risk; however, the significance of short-term smoking cessation is being discussed.

[Tobacco addiction in pregnant women and parturients--anesthetic considerations].

A global increase in addictions also affects pregnant women. In mothers-to be most frequent is tobacco dependence, despite broad spread of information on negative influence of smoking on the mother and infant. Other substance misuse as ethanol but also illicit drugs may additionally coexist in pregnancy.

[Smoking cigarettes and pain--implications for the postoperative period].

Smoking cigarettes poses a number of relevant medical and social problems. Impact of smoking on pain threshold and tolerance may be of significance for surgical patients, who are prompted to abstain from cigarettes before operation. Association between smoking and pain perception is complex.

[Tokophobia--a multidisciplinary problem].

Pathological fear of childbirth known as "tokophobia" affects about 6-10% pregnancies and is of concern mainly because of remarkable sequele regarding women's morbidity, the neurobehavioral development of their children, and cesarean section on maternal request (CSMR). Fear of labor is a multidimensional problem involving a number of biological, psychological and social background factors and may be divided into primary and secondary tokophobia and tokophobia as a symptom of depression. Fear of childbirth is closely related to the fear of labor pain.

[Anxiety assessment in parturients requesting epidural analgesia for pain relief].

Objectives: Neuraxial methods provide the most effective labor pain relief. This study aimed at assessing anxiety level in parturients requesting epidural analgesia (EA).

Material And Methods: Forty five women in spontaneous, active labor were enrolled, both primiparas (n=36) and multiparas (n=9).

[An association between tobacco smoking and basic haemodynamic parameters during induction of anaesthesia in gynecologic patients--a pilot study].

Cardiovascular risk is increased in cigarette smokers in the perioperative period and smoking cessation results in its decrease. The pilot study has been designed to assess an association between smoking and arterial blood pressure and heart rate during induction of anaesthesia in gynecologic patients. Significance of smoking cessation before operation in this respect should be also assessed.

[Significance of smoking and cigarette abstinence regarding anxiety in gynecologic patients in a perioperative period].

Smoking cigarettes adds to risk of anesthesia and surgery, and also may influence anxiety. However, cigarette abstinence may increase preoperative stress. The study aimed at exploring the relationship between smoking and anxiety in gynaecologic patients in the perioperative period, and also finding out whether the abstinence and history of unsuccessful cessation attempts are connected with an anxiety pattern at that time.

Influence of non-irradiated and ultraviolet-A-irradiated N,N-dialanyl protoporphyrin and diarginine diprotoporphyrinate on the neutrophil respiratory burst in vitro.

N,N-Dialanyl protoporphyrin (PP(Ala)2) and diarginine diprotoporphyrinate (PP(Arg)2) are porphyrin photosensitizers that are currently being used in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. In the present study, the effects of these agents on the neutrophil respiratory burst in vitro were investigated. In the case of non-stimulated neutrophils, the respiratory burst was significantly increased in the presence of PP(Ala)2 in concentration 5.

Regulation of eNOS expression in HCAEC cell line treated with opioids and proinflammatory cytokines.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a crucial role in vascular function and homeostasis. eNOS activity maintains normal vascular tone, regulates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, inhibits platelet aggregation, limits smooth muscle cell proliferation and influences cardiac myocyte contractility. The loss of endothelium-derived NO has been shown to result in serious cardiovascular abnormalities, which may indicate eNOS involvement in the origin/development of cardiovascular disorders.

[Perioperative anxiety in female smokers subjected to gynaecological surgery--a preliminary report].

Unlabelled: Anxiety constitutes one of the most important psychological factors influencing body reaction to surgical injury; in gynecological patients anxiety ratings appear especially high. Cigarette smoking belongs to essential risk factors in the perioperative period and may result in increased levels of anxiety. A pilot study has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the impact of smoking habit on the perioperative anxiety level and postoperative pain in women undergoing gynecological surgical procedures.

Oxidative metabolism of peripheral blood neutrophils in experimental acute hypercapnia in the mechanically ventilated rabbit.

Background And Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute hypercapnia due to the mechanical hypoventilation on the oxidative metabolism of peripheral blood neutrophils in the rabbit.

Methods: The study was performed on 24 Chinchilla rabbits, randomized into normo- and hypercapnia groups (P(a)CO(2) between 9 and 11 kPa over 180 min). At the baseline point and after 180 min of mechanical ventilation, a neutrophil count, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of the neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan (OZ) or PMA (phorbol myristate acetate), and the hydrogen peroxide production of the cells upon the PMA stimulation were measured.

The influence of acute hypercapnia on the quantity and oxidative metabolism of bronchoalveolar lavage-derived leukocytes in the mechanically ventilated rabbit.

Background: Permissive hypercapnia exerts a protective influence in tissue injury, possibly by attenuating free radical activity. Increased CO2 concentrations may decrease the production of phagocyte reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). In this study, we used bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to determine whether isooxic permissive hypercapnia due to hypoventilation would influence neutrophil recruitment into alveolar spaces and ROI production of BAL phagocytes, as measured by luminol dependent chemiluminescence.