Behavioural determinants of physiologically-relevant light exposure.

Light exposure triggers a range of physiological and behavioural responses that can improve and challenge health and well-being. Insights from laboratory studies have recently culminated in standards and guidelines for measuring and assessing healthy light exposure, and recommendations for healthy light levels. Implicit to laboratory paradigms is a simplistic input-output relationship between light and its effects on physiology.

The Ecology of Human Sleep (EcoSleep) Cohort Study: Protocol for a longitudinal repeated measurement burst design study to assess the relationship between sleep determinants and outcomes under real-world conditions across time of year.

The interplay of daily life factors, including mood, physical activity, or light exposure, influences sleep architecture and quality. Laboratory-based studies often isolate these determinants to establish causality, thereby sacrificing ecological validity. Furthermore, little is known about time-of-year changes in sleep and circadian-related variables at high resolution, including the magnitude of individual change across time of year under real-world conditions.

Early Neolithic pastoral land use at Alsónyék-Bátaszék, Hungary (Starčevo culture): New insights from stable isotope ratios.

The earliest introduction of livestock (cattle, goats, sheep, pigs) into the Carpathian Basin was an important step towards farming expansion into continental Europe. This spread beyond the environments of the southern Balkans was accompanied by a reduction in the spectrum of cultivated crops, changes in the relative representation of different domestic animals, and, most likely, adaptations of husbandry practices. How the earliest farmers in the Carpathian Basin kept their domestic stock is still understudied.

From text to interaction: The digital advance directive method for advance directives.

Advance directives allow people to specify individual treatment preferences in case of decision-making incapacity involving decisions of utmost importance. There are many tools that provide information on the topic, digital forms for structured data input, or platforms that support data storage and availability. Yet, there is no tool supporting the innermost process of an advance directive: decision making itself.

A 4-year longitudinal study investigating the relationship between flexible school starts and grades.

The mismatch between teenagers' late sleep phase and early school start times results in acute and chronic sleep reductions. This is not only harmful for learning but may reduce career prospects and widen social inequalities. Delaying school start times has been shown to improve sleep at least short-term but whether this translates to better achievement is unresolved.

Sleep improvements on days with later school starts persist after 1 year in a flexible start system.

Early school times fundamentally clash with the late sleep of teenagers. This mismatch results in chronic sleep deprivation posing acute and long-term health risks and impairing students' learning. Despite immediate short-term benefits for sleep, the long-term effects of later starts remain unresolved.

School start times and academic achievement - A systematic review on grades and test scores.

Early school times clash with the late sleep of adolescents, leading to wide-spread sleep restriction in students. Evidence suggests that delaying school starts is beneficial for sleep and recent studies investigated whether this also translates into improved academic achievement. We thus conducted a systematic review of the literature on school start times, grades and test scores in middle and high-school students.

The Advance Care Compass- A New Mechanics for Digitally Transforming Advance Directives.

Advance directives allow people to declare their treatment preferences for a potential future state of incompetency. Covid-19, with its high numbers of quickly deteriorating patients requiring intensive care, has acutely demonstrated how helpful it would be for clinicians to have reliable, readily available, up-to-date information at hand to be able to act in accordance with what the individual patient would have wanted. Yet for the past few decades advance directives have fallen short of their potential, for various reasons.

Exposure to 16 h of normobaric hypoxia induces ionic edema in the healthy brain.

Following prolonged exposure to hypoxic conditions, for example, due to ascent to high altitude, stroke, or traumatic brain injury, cerebral edema can develop. The exact nature and genesis of hypoxia-induced edema in healthy individuals remain unresolved. We examined the effects of prolonged, normobaric hypoxia, induced by 16 h of exposure to simulated high altitude, on healthy brains using proton, dynamic contrast enhanced, and sodium MRI.

Genomic Testing, Unexpected Consanguinity, and Adolescent Parents.

This case study about an infant with epidermolysis bullosa and his fourteen-year-old mother involves pediatric genomic testing and concerns about the adolescent parent's decision-making capacity. Four commentaries explore ethics issues in the case, including the following challenges: The current ethics guidelines regarding informed decision-making for genomic testing and return of results have been relatively silent on how to involve parents who are minors in decision-making on behalf of their children. This lack of guidance can be particularly difficult for physicians when genetic test results revealing consanguinity raise concerns about sexual abuse of a minor, provoking questions about mandatory reporting requirements.

Space-Filling Curves for Real-Space Electronic Structure Calculations.

Hamiltonian matrices for Kohn-Sham calculations implemented in real space are often large (millions by millions) but very sparse. This poses challenges and opportunities for iterative eigensolvers, which often require a large number of matrix-vector multiplications. As a consequence, an efficient parallel sparse matrix-vector multiplication algorithm is desired.

Electro-optical measurement of intense electric field on a high energy pulsed power accelerator.

We describe a direct electro-optical approach to measuring a strong 118 MV/m narrow pulse width (~ 33 ns) electric field in the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) of a pulsed power accelerator. To date, this is the highest direct external electric field measured electro-optically in a pulsed power accelerator, and it is between two to three orders of magnitude higher than values reported in comparable high energy scientific experiments. The MITL electric field is one of the most important operating parameters in an accelerator and is critical to understanding the properties of the radiation output.

Validation of the Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm for estimating sleep-wake patterns from activity recordings.

Periods of sleep and wakefulness can be estimated from wrist-locomotor activity recordings via algorithms that identify periods of relative activity and inactivity. Here, we evaluated the performance of our Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm. The Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm uses a moving 24-h threshold and correlation procedure estimating relatively consolidated periods of sleep and wake.

Humanistic burden of living with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: findings from the ALKConnect patient insight network and research platform.

Aim: Evaluate real-world patient preferences, experiences and outcomes (health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) from patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) utilizing the ALKConnect Patient Insight Network.

Patients & Methods: Demographics, disease history/status/treatment, patient preferences and HRQoL (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory lung cancer module, reported as symptom severity and interference) were evaluated for US adults with ALK+ NSCLC.

Results: Among 104 patients (median age: 53.

Later school start times in a flexible system improve teenage sleep.

Sleep deprivation in teenage students is pervasive and a public health concern, but evidence is accumulating that delaying school start times may be an effective countermeasure. Most studies so far assessed static changes in schools start time, using cross-sectional comparisons and one-off sleep measures. When a high school in Germany introduced flexible start times for their senior students-allowing them to choose daily between an 8 am or 9 am start (≥08:50)-we monitored students' sleep longitudinally using subjective and objective measures.

Comparative Study of Alkali-Cation-Based (Li , Na , K ) Electrolytes in Acetonitrile and Alkylcarbonates.

The development of a suitable functional electrolyte is urgently required for fast-charging and high-voltage alkali-ion (Li, Na, K) batteries as well as next-generation hybrids supercapacitors. Many recent works focused on an optimal selection of electrolytes for alkali-ion based systems and their electrochemical performance but the understanding of the fundamental aspect that explains their different behaviour is rare. Herein, we report a comparative study of transport properties for LiPF , NaPF , KPF in acetonitrile (AN) and a binary mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC): (EC/DMC : 1/1, weigh) through conductivities, densities and viscosities measurements in wide temperature domain.

Inhibition of somatosensory mechanotransduction by annexin A6.

Mechanically activated, slowly adapting currents in sensory neurons have been linked to noxious mechanosensation. The conotoxin NMB-1 (noxious mechanosensation blocker-1) blocks such currents and inhibits mechanical pain. Using a biotinylated form of NMB-1 in mass spectrometry analysis, we identified 67 binding proteins in sensory neurons and a sensory neuron-derived cell line, of which the top candidate was annexin A6, a membrane-associated calcium-binding protein.

Immunomodulatory and Inhibitory Effect of Immulina, and Immunloges in the Ig-E Mediated Activation of RBL-2H3 Cells. A New Role in Allergic Inflammatory Responses.

Immulina, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide extract from the cyanobacterium () is a potent activator of innate immune cells. On the other hand, it is well documented that exerts anti-inflammatory effects and showed promising effects with respect to the relief of allergic rhinitis symptoms. Taking into account these findings, we decided to elucidate whether Immulina, and immunLoges (a commercial available multicomponent nutraceutical with Immulina as a main ingredient) beyond immune-enhancing effects, might also exert inhibitory effects in the induced allergic inflammatory response and on histamine release from RBL-2H3 mast cells.

Regeneration of axotomized olfactory neurons in young and adult locusts quantified by fasciclin I immunofluorescence.

The olfactory pathway of the locust Locusta migratoria is characterized by a multiglomerular innervation of the antennal lobe (AL) by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). After crushing the antenna and thereby severing ORN axons, changes in the AL were monitored. First, volume changes were measured at different times post-crush with scanning laser optical tomography in 5th instar nymphs.

Sodium MRI in Multiple Sclerosis is Compatible with Intracellular Sodium Accumulation and Inflammation-Induced Hyper-Cellularity of Acute Brain Lesions.

The cascade of inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) has no specific conventional MRI correlates. Clinicians therefore stipulate improved imaging specificity to define the pathological substrates of MS in vivo including mapping of intracellular sodium accumulation. Based upon preclinical findings and results of previous sodium MRI studies in MS patients we hypothesized that the fluid-attenuated sodium signal differs between acute and chronic lesions.

Ethanol in herbal medicinal products for children : Data from pediatric studies and pharmacovigilance programs.

Herbal medicinal products are indispensable in children, e. g., in functional gastrointestinal diseases and coughs and colds, especially when available in liquid dosing forms for which dosing can be adapted ideally to different age groups.

Virtual Raters for Reproducible and Objective Assessments in Radiology.

Volumetric measurements in radiologic images are important for monitoring tumor growth and treatment response. To make these more reproducible and objective we introduce the concept of virtual raters (VRs). A virtual rater is obtained by combining knowledge of machine-learning algorithms trained with past annotations of multiple human raters with the instantaneous rating of one human expert.

MR Angiography at 7T to Visualize Cerebrovascular Territories.

Background: There is considerable amount of interindividual variability in the size and location of the vascular territories of the major brain arteries. More data are needed to assess the amount of variability and the possible implications for further research and patient care. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging has been applied in various forms to facilitate noninvasive imaging of cerebrovascular flow territories, but it requires the definition of the flow territory of interest prior to image acquisition.